不同盐度驯化方式对虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼存活和生长的影响  

Effect of Acclimation at Different Salinities on Survival and Growth of Rainbow Trout and Steelhead Trout Juveniles

作　　者：付占斐 王鑫[1,2] 王芳 董双林[1,2] FU Zhan-Fei;WANG Xin;WANG Fang;DONG Shuang-Lin(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China;Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第7期37-43,共7页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572634)资助。

摘　　要：以初始体重分别为(20.19±0.32)g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和(20.11±0.47)g溯河型硬头鳟(O.mykiss)幼鱼为实验材料,以淡水组S0为对照,研究了S2(+2/d)、S4(+4/d)、S6(+6/d)和S8(+8/d)4种盐度驯化方式(即每日升盐幅度分别为2、4、6和8,直至30),对2种鱼的存活和生长的影响,比较了2种幼鱼对盐度变化的适应能力。经过40 d的实验发现:(1)2种鱼的存活率均以S0组最高(100%),随日升盐幅的增大而下降,其中,S2组下降了23%~28%,S8组下降了62%;4种盐度驯化组硬头鳟的成活率高于虹鳟;(2)2种鱼的生长皆以S0组最高,随日升盐幅的增大而下降;S2组虹鳟与S0组差异不明显,但高于其他3个盐度驯化组(与S8组差异达到显著水平);4种盐度驯化组硬头鳟的生长显著低于对照组,S2和S4组的生长显著高于S6和S8组;S2组虹鳟的生长显著高于S2组的硬头鳟;(3)2种鱼的摄食量(FC)皆以S0组最高,随日升盐幅的增大而下降;S2组虹鳟的FC与S0组差异不明显,但显著高于S6和S8组;4种盐度驯化组硬头鳟的FC显著低于S0组,S2和S4组显著高于S6和S8组;相应盐度驯化组的虹鳟和硬头鳟的FC差异不明显(S6除外);(4)2种鱼的饲料转化率(FCE)皆以S0组最高,随日升盐幅的增大而降低;S2组虹鳟的FCE显著低于S0组,但显著高于其他3个盐度驯化组;S2组硬头鳟的FCE显著高于S6和S8组,与S0组差异不明显;S0和S2组硬头鳟的FCE显著低于S0和S2组虹鳟。实验结果表明:日升盐幅为2至海水盐度30的驯化方式对20 g左右的虹鳟和硬头鳟的存活皆产生影响,对虹鳟的生长影响不大,但显著降低了硬头鳟的生长,这些影响与摄食量、饲料转化效率发生变化有关。研究表明,20 g左右的虹鳟和硬头鳟不适合入海养殖。Rainbow trout(initial weight(20.19±0.32)g)and steelhead trout(initial weight(20.11±0.47)g)were used to determine the effect of acclimation at four kinds of salinities on their survival and growth.The salinity was increased to 30ppt by increasing 2,4,6 and 8ppt daily and then maintained for 40 days.Fresh water was used as the control.These acclimation patterns were named as S2,S4,S6,S8 and S0(control),respectively.The survival rate of two fish species was the highest in S0 and decreased with the daily salinity increase.The survival rate decreased by 23%~28%in S2 and by 62%in S8.The survival rate of steelhead trout was higher than that of rainbow trout in all salinity acclimation patterns.The growth rate of two fish species was the highest in S0 and decreased with the daily salinity increase.For rainbow trout,the growth rate of S0 was not significantly different from that of S2,but higher than that of S8.For steelhead trout,the growth rate in all salinity acclimation patterns was significantly lower than that of S0.The growth rate was higher in S2 and S4 than in S6 and S8.In S2,the growth rate of rainbow trout was significantly higher than that of steelhead trout.Feed consumption(FC)of the two fish species was the highest in S0 and decreased with the daily salinity increase.For rainbow trout,the FC in S0 was similar to that in S2,but significantly higher than that in S6 and S8.For steelhead trout,the FC was significantly higher in S0 than in other patterns.It was also significantly higher in S2 and S4 than in S6 and S8.There was no significant difference between two fish species in three of the four acclimation patterns except S6.The feed conversion efficiency(FCE)of two fish species was the highest in S0 and decreased with the daily salinity increase.For rainbow trout,FCE in S2 was significantly lower than that in S0 but higher than that in other patterns.For steelhead trout,FCE in S2 was significantly higher than that in S6 and S8 and comparable to that in S0.In S0 and S2,the FCE of steelhead trout was lower th

关 键 词：虹鳟 硬头鳟 盐度驯化 存活 生长 

分 类 号：S965.232[农业科学—水产养殖]