贵州野生茶树立地土壤养分状况分析及综合评价  

Analysis and evaluation of soil nutrients of wild tea germplasm in Guizhou

作　　者：牛素贞 安红卫 宋勤飞 陈正武 NIU Suzhen;AN Hongwei;SONG Qinfei;CHEN Zhengwu(College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;Institute of Tea Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学茶学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2020年第6期1039-1048,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560222);贵州省科技厅农业攻关项目(黔科合支撑〔2017〕2557,黔科合支撑〔2017〕2558);贵州省自然科学基金重点项目(黔科合基础〔2019〕1404号);贵州大学培育项目(黔科合平台人才〔2018〕5781-37);黔西南州科技计划(2018-1-56,2018-1-53)。

摘　　要：以贵州的32个分布地的野生茶树种质资源立地土壤为研究对象,对其土壤pH值、土壤类型、土壤有机质和土壤中大量元素、微量元素进行分析,结果表明:30个分布地土壤类型属于黄壤,2个属于紫色土;46.9%的土壤pH值在4.5~5.5,是茶树最适宜生长的pH值范围;21.9%的土壤pH值小于4.5,土壤酸化较重;31.3%的土壤pH值在5.5~7.0。分布地土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效氮、有效磷、有效钾含量范围分别在11.01~162.62 g·kg-1、0.05~8.13 g·kg-1、0.02~4.03 g·kg-1、24.81~456.01 mg·kg-1、3.89~84.04 mg·kg-1、27.31~516.67 mg·kg-1;多数分布地土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮含量较高,有效钾、有效磷含量较低。土壤微量元素含量存在不同程度的缺乏或过量,交换性铝、交换性镁、交换性钙、有效铁、有效铜、有效锌含量范围分别在0.08~8.80 cmol·kg-1、0.18~4.05 mg·kg-1、0.86~10.46 mg·kg-1、5~142.5 mg·kg-1、0.24~9.88 mg·kg-1、0.27~12.04 mg·kg-1。The soil factors of wild tea distributed in 32 zones were studied to evaluate the physical and chemical indexes of soil and to provide theoretical basis for the protection of wild tea germplasm in Guizhou Province.The results showed that the pH value of 46.9%soil were 4.5-5.5,which were the suitable range.The pH values of 21.9%soil were less than 4.5,which were severely acidified.And the pH values of 31.3%soil ranged from 5.5 to7.0.The contents of the organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 11.01-162.62 g·kg-1,0.05-8.13 g·kg-1,0.02-4.03 g·kg-1,24.81-456.01 mg·kg-1,3.89-84.04 mg·kg-1,27.31-516.67 mg·kg-1,respectively.The content of microelements in soil was deficient or excessive to some extent.The contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus were higher,while the contents of available potassium were lower.The contents of exchangeable aluminum,exchangeable magnesium,exchangeable calcium,available iron,available copper and available zinc were 0.08-8.80 cmol·kg-1,0.18-4.05 mg·kg-1,0.86-10.46 mg·kg-1,5-142.5 mg·kg-1,0.24-9.88 mg·kg-1,0.27-12.04 mg·kg-1,respectively.

关 键 词：野生茶树 贵州 土壤养分 综合评价 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]