东北春大豆60Co-γ辐射和EMS诱变的突变特点分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of Mutant Population by 60Co-γ and EMSMutagenesis in Northeastern Soybean Cultivars

作　　者：薛永国[1] 刘鑫磊[1] 唐晓飞[1] 曹旦 胡少新[2] 王永斌[3] 王广金[1] 栾晓燕[1] XUE Yong-guo;LIU Xin-lei;TANG Xiao-fei;CAO Dan;HU Shao-xin;WANG Yong-bin;WANG Guang-jin;LUAN Xiao-yan(Soybean Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy Agricultural of Science,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Corn,Heilongjiang AcademyAgricultural of Science,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Heilongjiang Academy Agricultural of Science,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院生物技术研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《大豆科学》2020年第2期174-182,共9页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省科技厅重点研发项目(GA18B101);国家重点研发计划大豆等经济作物诱变育种技术创新与品种创制(2016YFD0102105,2016YFD0100201-10)。

摘　　要：为对比不同品种、不同诱变方法和剂量的诱变效果,以便给大豆诱变育种和突变体库构建提供有效途径,对4个东北春大豆品种黑农48、黑农84、绥农52和绥农42进行60Co-γ辐射和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)的诱变处理,调查分析其M1和M2代出苗率、成株率、不育性、蛋白、脂肪及其它农艺性状。研究发现各品种对不同诱变方法反应敏感度不同,黑农48对辐射诱变敏感度高,黑农84、绥农52和绥农42对化学诱变敏感度高。辐射诱变和化学诱变M1代均会对各品种不同性状产生影响,但这种影响多数由生理伤害造成。两种诱变方式对品种诱变影响各具特点,辐射诱变具有明显的苗后致死性,而且对不育性影响更明显;化学诱变更温和,M1代成株率更高。两种诱变M2代的出苗率、成株率、不育性、蛋白含量、脂肪含量及其它农艺性状趋于相同,但辐射诱变在叶型、分枝、黄化株、育性等方面的突变率比化学诱变高,这些变化特点的研究可为诱变育种或者构建突变体库提供基础依据。Physical and chemical mutagenesis of soybean is an important way to obtain germplasm resources, and also an important means of soybean breeding. By comparing the mutagenic effects of different varieties, different mutagenic methods and doses, we can provide an effective way for soybean mutagenic breeding and mutant library construction. In this study, 60Co-γ radiation and EMS mutagenesis were carried out on four spring soybean varieties Heinong 48, Heinong 84, Suinong 52 and Suinong 42 in northeast China. The emergence rate, adult rate, sterility, protein, fat and other agronomic traits of M1 and M2 generation were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the sensitivity of each variety of different mutagenesis methods was different. Heinong 48 was highly sensitive to radiation mutagenesis. Heinong 84, Suinong 52 and Suinong 42 were highly sensitive to chemical mutagenesis. Radiation mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis of M1 generations can affect different traits of different varieties, but most of these effects were caused by physiological injury. The radiation mutagenesis had obvious post-seedling lethality, and the effect on sterility was more obvious. The chemical mutagenesis was mild, and the adult rate of M1 generation was higher. The emergence rate, adult rate, sterility, protein, fat and other agronomic traits of the two mutant M2 generations tend to be the same, but radiation mutagenesis were higher than chemical mutagenesis in leaf type, branching, yellowing plant and sterile line. The study of these characteristics can provide basis for mutagenesis breeding or mutant bank construction.

关 键 词：大豆 60CO-Γ辐射 甲基磺酸乙酯 分离世代 突变 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]