中国半干旱地区成雹机制的数值研究  

Study on hail formation mechanism in semi-arid area of China

作　　者：刘晓莉[1] 袁超宇 桑建人[2,3] 马思敏 LIU Xiaoli;YUAN Chaoyu;SANG Jianren;MA Simin(Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculturein in Arid Regions,China Meteorological Adminstration,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Key Lab of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2020年第3期537-546,共10页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划资助项目(2018YFC1507905);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41975176;41875170);气象软科学研究课题资助(2020ZDIANXM22)。

摘　　要：使用中尺度数值模式(WRFV3.7.1)对发生在宁夏南部山区两次降雹天气过程的背景场特征、云宏微观结构以及云内微物理转化机制进行了数值研究。结果表明:该地区冰雹云形成的大气环境水汽含量较少,冰雹的发生主要依靠“上干下湿”的不稳定层结及午后局地加热效应。两次个例发生的环境水汽含量存在较大差异,导致两次雹云个例微物理结构演变特征不同。对数值模拟结果分析发现,宁南山区冰雹云中雪粒子含量较多,雹胚(霰粒)主要通过雪粒子转化而来。霰粒主要通过水汽凝华及碰并过冷云水增长。模拟云中冰雹形成高度相对较低,冰雹形成后主要通过收集过冷云水增长。除碰冻过冷云水外,对过饱和水汽的凝华也是雪、霰、雹粒子质量增长的一个重要来源。模拟得到该地区冰雹云中云雨自动转化过程较弱,雨水主要是通过雪、霰、雹粒子在下落过程中融化形成。雨水在下落过程中蒸发显著。Using radar data and mesoscale numerical model (WRF) to analyses the background field characteristics,cloud microstructures,and evolution characteristics of microphysical processes in the clouds during the two hailfall events in the southern mountainous region of Ningxia.The results show that the formation of hail clouds in this area mainly depends on the unstable stratification of “upper dry and lower wet” and local heating.The environmental moisture content of the two cases is different,but the hailfall processes are both formed.The water content in hail clouds is mainly concentrated on snow and graupel.The main growth of graupel is mainly through the process of vapor sublimation and riming of supercooled cloud water.The hail particle is conversed from graupel particle above the 0 ℃ level and collects supercooled cloud water to grow.The auto-conversion from cloud to rain in hail clouds of this area is very faint.The rain is mainly formed by the melting of snow,graupel and hail particles during the falling process,and the effect of rain evaporation is significant during precipitation.

关 键 词：半干旱地区 冰雹云 云微物理结构 成雹机制 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P426.64[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]