王恕的六谕诠释及其传播  

The Handing-down and Different Editions of Wang Shu's Interpretation on Six Sacred Edicts

作　　者：陈时龙[1] CHEN Shilong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期159-168,196,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明清时代六谕诠释史研究”(18BZS067),项目负责人:陈时龙。

摘　　要：作为明代中后期乡约的精神内核,明太祖的圣谕六条起到了基层教化教旨的作用。成化后期应天巡抚王恕的诠释,第一次将圣谕六条从《教民榜文》中独立出来,而王恕在成化、弘治年间的政绩与声誉,可能也使得其诠释文本获得声名并逐渐流行。现存最早的王恕六谕诠释文本是弘治十二年(1499)扶沟县丞武威所刻《太祖高皇帝圣旨碑》。正德年间,山西上党仇氏也曾刊行王恕诠释文本,惜已不存。嘉靖九年(1530),许赞对六谕作赞,之后由王恕注和许赞之赞组成的“注赞合刻”形式逐渐流行。嘉靖十五年陕西巡按唐锜所编《圣训演》即是典型的注赞合刻文本,与《太祖高皇帝圣旨碑》相比较内容已有不小差异,且新版本在嘉靖年间流传更广。万历年间,章潢编《图书编》,重视收录已湮没的文本,其所辑《圣训解》与《太祖高皇帝圣旨碑》属同一系统。因此,现存王恕的六谕注释文本大概可以分为两个系统,较早的以《太祖高皇帝圣旨碑》为代表的文本系统,以及嘉靖九年以后发展出来的“注赞合刻”本系统。Six Sacred Edicts,which was issued by the founder of the Ming DynastyZhu Yuanzhang,and had been the people’s basic behavior standards for a long time,worked efficiently as the core ideas of the community covenant(Xiang Yue)in the laterMing.Wang Shu,the most famous scholar-bureaucrat in later-15 th century,interpreted Six Sacred Edicts when he was the governor of south ZhiliProvince.His interpretation liberated Six Sacred Edictsfrom theJiaomingBangwen,and quickly spread.The earliest extant edition of Wang’s interpretation,Sacred edicts by Ming taizu(TaizuGaohuandiShengzhiBei)was inscribed on a stone tablet by the deputy magistrate of Fugou County,Henan province and could be dated back to 1499.Not long from then,Qiu family in Shangdang county,Shanxi Province,printed Wang’s interpretation.After Xu Zhan’s hymn for Six Sacred Edictsin 1530 created a new collection,which often included Wang’s interpretation and Xu’s hymn,typicallyInterpretation of Sacred Edicts(ShenxunYan)edited by Tang Qi in 1536.The new edition of Wang’s interpretation differed remarkably from the earliest extant edition in 1499,and was more popular in the Jiajing period.Accordingly,little attention was paid to the earliest edition,until a learned scholarZhang Huang found it and collected it in his encyclopedia,Tushubian.Therefore,the extant editions of Wang’s interpretation can be divided into two systems:one the earliest edition in 1499,the other the"collection of interpretation and hymn"edition after 1530.

关 键 词：明代 六谕 王恕 太祖高皇帝圣旨碑 圣训演 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]