外泌体miRNA在阿尔茨海默病诊治中的研究进展  

The latest research progress:Exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic and therapeutic application in Alzheimer’s disease

作　　者：段贤 孙启英[1] 李雯雯[1] 黄娟[1] 许宏伟[1] 周亚芳[1] 易芳[1] 胡雅岑 周琳[1] Duan Xian;Sun Qiying;Li Wenwen;Huang Juan;Xu Hongwei;Zhou Yafang;Yi Fang;Hu Yacen;Zhou Lin(Department of Geriatric Neurology,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410008,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院老年神经内科,长沙410008

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2020年第6期717-721,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

摘　　要：外泌体是由各种细胞分泌的球形微囊泡(30-100nm),其内包含多种蛋白质、脂质、信使RNA(mRNA)和微小RNA(miRNA)等分子,外泌体可以将这些分子传递到邻近细胞和/或远距离输送到其他组织细胞而发挥作用。外泌体miRNA通过调节β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和p-Tau蛋白的异常表达、与Toll样受体相互作用启动炎性反应等参与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病;外泌体miRNA还可作为AD的潜在治疗靶点。外泌体作为良好的运载体,有很大的研究价值。本综述总结了有关外泌体miRNA在AD发生发展过程中的作用,及其作为AD潜在治疗靶点的研究文献。大量的证据表明外泌体miRNA表达紊乱在AD的发病机制中发挥了重要作用,并可作为AD诊断的新型潜在生物标志物及治疗靶点。Exosomes are spherical microvesicles(30-100 nm)secreted by a variety of cells and contain a variety of proteins,lipids,mRNAs,and microRNAs.These molecules into exosomes can be transferred to adjacent cells and distant tissues or cells by exosomes to develop full effects.Exosomes-released microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD)by regulating the abnormal expression of amyloidβ-protein(Aβ)and p-Tau protein,initiating the inflammatory response by interacting with toll-like receptors.In addition,exosomal microRNAs can be used as a potential therapeutic target for AD.Exosomes as good carriers have great research values.This review summarized the literatures related to the role of exosomal microRNAs in the development of AD and the potential therapeutic effect on AD.A large amount of evidence indicates that expression disorder of exosomal microRNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD and can be used as a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

关 键 词：外泌体 微小核糖核苷酸 阿尔茨海默病 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]