杭州青山水库沉积物中多环芳烃的垂直分布、来源及潜在生态风险  

Vertical Profile,Source and Potential Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment Cores from the Qingshan Reservoir of Hangzhou

作　　者：张明[1] 唐访良[1] 张伟[1] 马勤 王洁屏 徐建芬[1] 陈峰 许振波 ZHANG Ming;TANG Fangliang;ZHANG Wei;MA Qin;WANG Jieping;XU Jianfen;CHEN Feng;XU Zhenbo(Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station,Hangzhou 310007,China;Hangzhou Lin'an District Environmental Monitoring Station,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市环境监测中心站,杭州310007 [2]杭州市临安区环境监测站,杭州311300

出　　处：《地球与环境》2020年第4期405-412,共8页Earth and Environment

基　　金：杭州市社会发展科研攻关项目(20150533B08)。

摘　　要：利用高效液相色谱法检测杭州青山水库沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,并对其垂直分布特征及来源进行分析。结果表明,青山水库沉积物中共检出属于美国EPA优先控制16种PAHs中的15种,主要单体为芘和菲,各采样点位PAHs总量的浓度在324~881 ng/g(干重)之间,平均值为453 ng/g,属低污染水平。ΣPAHs含量空间分布受人类活动影响较大,以游船码头附近点位沉积物中含量最高;垂直尺度方面,各点位沉积物中ΣPAHs含量均是沉积柱中层最高,自水库底层往上呈现增加再减少的变化过程。沉积物中的多环芳烃以高分子量组分为主,其中4环PAHs含量最高,占比34.3%~45.6%。通过特征组分比例可确认其主要来自燃烧源,以油料的不完全燃烧形成的污染输入为主。利用沉积物质量基准法、沉积物质量标准法分别对青山水库沉积物中PAHs的风险评价表明,青山水库沉积物尚不存在严重的多环芳烃生态风险,但按照质量标准法评价有PAHs单体含量超过临界效应浓度值,需加强监测查明污染源,并采取措施控制污染物输入。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were quantitatively determined by HPLC in sediment cores from the Qingshan Reservoir of Hangzhou.The vertical distribution of PAHs was measured and the possible sources of PAHs in sediment were identified.The results showed that 15 out of the 16 priority PAHs identified by US EP A were occurred,pyrene(Pyr)and phenanthrene(Phe)were the dominant PAHs.Total concentrations of PAHs in sediments of the studied reservoir ranged from 324 to 881 ng/g(dry weight)with an average of 453 ng/g,showing a lower pollution level.The distribution of PAHs was found to be influenced by human activities,the highest PAHs level was detected at Site 2,which is near the tourism boat wharf.Vertically,the content of total PAHs peaked at the intermediate layer of every sediment cores.The PAHs in sediments were mainly high-molecular-weight monomers and dominated by 4 rings PAHs,which accounted for 34.3%to 45.6%of the total PAHs.According to the ratio of feature monomers,the PAHs in sediment of the Qingshan Reservoir originated largely and locally from the incomplete combustion of petroleum.In addition,the potential ecological risk of PAHs in sediments from the Qingshan Reservoir was assessed with methods of sediment quality guidelines and sediment quality standards(SQSs).The result indicated that there was no great biological risk from PAHs in sediment of the Qingshan Reservoir.However,concentrations of some PAHs monomers had exceeded their threshold effect levels defined by SQSs.Therefore,it is necessary to identify contamination sources and to control pollution inputs.

关 键 词：青山水库 沉积物 多环芳烃 污染特征 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X82