桑沟湾养殖水域微微型浮游生物的时空分布特征及环境影响因素  

Temporal and spatial distribution variation of picoplankton and environmental impact factors in Sanggou Bay

作　　者：李凤雪 杜美荣[1] 高亚平[1] 姜娓娓[1] 李文豪 董世鹏 侯兴 王军威 张义涛 张志新 蒋增杰[1,5] LI Fengxue;DU Meirong;GAO Yaping;JIANG Weiwei;LI Wenhao;DONG Shipeng;HOU Xing;WANG Junwei;ZHANG Yitao;ZHANG Zhixin;JIANG Zengjie(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Rongcheng Chudao Aquaculture Co.,Ltd.,Rongcheng 264312,China;Rongcheng Municipal Marine Development Bureau,Rongcheng 264300,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]荣成楮岛水产有限公司,山东荣成264312 [4]荣成市海洋发展局,山东荣成264300 [5]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2020年第7期1100-1111,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：科技部政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2016YFE0112600);国家自然科学基金(41676147);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室渔业科技青年人才计划(2018-MFS-T13);山东省“泰山学者青年专家计划”(tsqn201909166);山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项(2018SDKJ0502);国家贝类产业技术体系专项(CARS-49)。

摘　　要：为了解规模化贝类养殖水域微微型浮游生物的时空分布特征,于2017年4、7、11月和2018年1月在北方典型规模化养殖海湾——桑沟湾开展了4个航次的大面积调查,利用流式细胞仪测定了聚球藻、微微型真核浮游生物和异养细菌3种微微型浮游生物的丰度,并分析了其与环境因子的关系。结果显示,聚球藻、微微型真核浮游生物和异养细菌的丰度均值分别为(2.93±2.29)×10^3、(13.84±12.81)×10^3和(1.03±0.28)×10^6个/mL,存在极显著的季节差异和空间分布的不均匀性。聚球藻春季主要分布于桑沟湾的西北、西南和湾外;夏季和冬季主要分布于湾外的大片海域;秋季则主要集中于西北近岸。微微型真核浮游生物四季均集中于湾内近岸海域,呈现从湾内向湾外递减的趋势。异养细菌夏季在湾外和西部近岸有一大一小两个高值区;春季、秋季和冬季均集中于西部近岸海域。微微型浮游生物与环境因子的相关性分析表明,3种微微型浮游生物的丰度均与叶绿素a浓度、温度和颗粒有机物呈显著正相关,而与溶解氧存在较为密切的负相关关系;微微型真核浮游生物与硝酸盐、铵盐呈显著正相关;聚球藻与磷酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐无显著关系。In order to understand the spatial and temporal variation of abundance of picoplankton,four seasonal cruises were carried out in Sanggou Bay,a typical large-scale mariculture bay in north China,in April,July,November,2017 and January,2018.We used flow cytometry to study the abundance of the main picoplankton(Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria)and further analyzed the relationship between the abundance of those species and environmental parameters(such as temperature,nutrients,dissolved oxygen,etc.)Results showed that the average values of Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria in the surface layer of Sanggou Bay was(2.93±2.29)×10^3cells/mL,(13.84±12.81)×10^3cells/mL and(1.03±0.28)×10^6cells/mL,respectively.There were significant differences in both abundance of picoplankton and spatial distribution between seasons.In spring,Synechococcuswas mainly distributed in the northwest,southwest and outside of Sanggou Bay;it was mainly distributed in outside of Sanggou Bay in summer and winter;in autumn,it mainly concentrated in the Northwest coast.Picoeukaryotes were concentrated in the western coastal area in four seasons,showing a decreasing trend from the inside to the outside of Sanggou Bay.There are two high-value areas of heterotrophic bacteria in outside and western coastal of Sanggou Bay in summer.In spring,autumn and winter,heterotrophic bacteria and picoeukaryotes had the same distribution trend,and it were concentrated in the western coastal area of Sanggou Bay.The correlation analysis between abundance of picoplankton and environmental factors showed that the abundance of three kinds of picoplankton had a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll-a,temperature and particulate organic matter,and was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen.There was no significant correlation between Synechococcus and PO4^3−,NO^3-and NO2^-.However,there was a significant positive correlation between picoeukaryotes and NO3^-and NH4^+.The results provide data support for fu

关 键 词：聚球藻 微微型真核浮游生物 异养细菌 贝类养殖 桑沟湾 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]