“抓”的字词关系补说  

Additional remarks on the character-word relation of zhua抓

作　　者：汪维辉[1] WANG Weihui

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中文系/汉语史研究中心,杭州

出　　处：《中国语文》2020年第4期431-442,511,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语词汇通史”(14ZDB093);教育部重点研究基地重大项目“汉语基本词汇历时演变研究”(16JJD740015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“抓”是“爪”的分化字,历史上“抓”先后记录过五个词:1)读zhāo、zhǎo、zhào,义为“搔”;2)读zhǎo,={爪};3)读zhǎo,义为“扎”;4)读zhǎo,={找};5)读zhuā,={抓}。文章在时贤研究的基础上,对它们逐一进行梳理,并以《汉语大字典》和《汉语大词典》为例,对辞书“抓”字条在注音、立义、释义、排序、引例等方面存在的问题提出商榷意见。像“抓”这样的个案在汉字汉语史上数量众多,问题需要一个一个加以解决。As a differentiated character(分化字)of zhua爪,zhua抓is attested to have five interpretations successively in historical documents:(1)pronounced as zhāo,zhǎo,zhào,“to scratch”;(2)pronounced as zhǎo,equivalent to zhao爪“claw”;(3)pronounced as zhǎo,“to tie up”;(4)pronounced as zhǎo,equivalent to zhao找“to find”;(5)pronounced as zhuā,equivalent to zhua抓“to grasp”.Based on previous studies,this paper investigates these words separately,and takes their entries in the Hanyu da cidian(汉语大词典)and Hanyu da zidian(汉语大字典)as examples to discuss issues concerning their annotation,definition,interpretation,sorting and quotation in dictionaries.Such complicated cases like zhua抓are numerous in the development of Chinese characters,thus should be dealt with cautiously one by one.

关 键 词：字词关系 同形字 异体字 “抓” “爪” 辞书 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]