风蚀事件中农田土壤PM10释放特征  

Characteristics of PM10 emission from farmland during a wind erosion event

作　　者：岑松勃 张春来 代豫杰 张慧 刘欣宇 李庆[2] 黄玉虎[3] Cen Songbo;Zhang Chunlai;Dai Yujie;Zhang Hui;Liu Xinyu;Li Qing;Huang Yuhu(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Institute of Geographical Sciences/Engineering and Technology Research Center for Application Information of Hebei Province,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心,北京100875 [2]河北省科学院地理科学研究所/河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050021 [3]北京市环境保护科学研究院国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2020年第3期145-150,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41630747)。

摘　　要：地表风蚀导致的粉尘释放涉及全球变化研究的热点。自然条件下对粉尘释放的观测可以为风洞试验结果提供验证并为开发预测模型提供数据支撑与关键参数。本研究在河北坝上风蚀区,通过观测风蚀事件中农田近地表PM10浓度、垂直通量与流失通量,以及风速和风沙流强度的变化,探讨农田风蚀过程中的粉尘释放特征。结果表明:地表风蚀释尘对近地表粉尘浓度的影响随高度增大而逐渐减弱,各高度的粉尘浓度变化趋势与摩阻风速、输沙率变化趋势相同;粉尘垂直通量和流失通量与摩阻风速呈幂函数关系,与输沙率呈线性关系;农田土壤跃移颗粒的轰击效率α数量级为10-7m-1。As the starting point of the dust cycle,dust emission caused by wind erosions is one of the hot issues related to global change.Observations of dust emission under natural conditions can provide validations for wind tunnel results and data support,as well as key parameters,for developing prediction models.To reveal the characteristics of dust emission from farmland in the process of soil wind erosion,this study conducted a field observation of PM10 concentration,vertical flux and loss flux in the near surface layer in Bashang regions,Hebei province.Wind speed and sand transport were measured simultaneously.The results show that the effect of dust emission induced by local wind erosion on the dust concentration gradually decreases with increasing height above the ground.Dust concentration at different heights varied in the same trend with that of friction wind speed and sand transport rate in the process of wind erosion.Dust emission has a power function relationship with the friction velocity and a linear relationship with the sand transport rate.The bombardment efficiency of the cultivated soil is on the order of 10-7 m-1.

关 键 词：粉尘释放 农田风蚀 PM10垂直通量 PM10流失通量 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]