中国古代文学批评与中医——以《文心雕龙》《黄帝内经》为例  

Ancient Chinese Literature Criticism and Traditional Chinese Medicine--A Case Study of Wen Xin Diao Long and Huang Di Nei Jing

作　　者：王毓红[1,2] WANG Yuhong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学所 [2]广东外语外贸大学,广东广州510420

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期42-60,共19页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：广东省普通高校基础研究重大项目“国外‘龙学’文献整理与研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在疾病意义上发现文病并予以诊治的现象,普遍存在于以刘勰为代表的中国古代文学批评中。诊断出文学患病,并渴望治疗它,是批评家开展文学批评的重要动因。他们聚焦于声律病、繁杂病、字病、用事病和文类病,常常在治疗文病的同时,开出“正末归本”的根治良方,倡导养气、顺应四时、博学、养德等防病之术。在这一过程中,批评者们扮演着掌握权威话语的医生角色。这种“掎摭利病”的文学批评现象,昭示了文理与医理内在的一致性,展示了中国古代文学批评与中医在基本术语、思想、原理、思路、方法等方面的相同或相似之处,揭示了二者本质上都是“攻疾防患”的实践性应用学科,文即人、天人合一是其建立的重要认识论依据,“不治已病治未病”、有机整体、综合性和多元性是它们共同的特征。The phenomenon of discovering,diagnosing and treating literary diseases in the sense of disease is common in the ancient Chinese literary criticism represented by Liu Xie.Diagnosing and treating literary illness is an important motivation for critics to carry out literary criticism.Critics focus on rhythm diseases,complicated diseases,word diseases,affliction diseases and genre diseases.They treat the literary diseases and at the same time prescribe the radical cure for“returning to the end”.They advocate disease prevention,such as nourishing qi,adapting to the four seasons,learning,and developing virtues.In this process,the critics play the role of doctors of mastering the authoritative discourse.This literary criticism of“finding and treating diseases”presents the internal consistency of literature and medical ideas,and shows the similarities between ancient Chinese literary criticism and traditional Chinese medicine in terms of basic terms,ideas,principles,implementation steps,methods,etc.This phenomenon also reveals that both are essentially applied disciplines of“curing disease and preventing disease”.They have important epistemological foundations,that is,the idea of literature is man and unity of heaven and man.Their common characteristics are“preventing disease”,organic wholeness,comprehensiveness and pluralism.

关 键 词：中国古代文学批评 中医 文心雕龙 黄帝内经 掎摭利病 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]