企业内外部知识分布与二元学习平衡:基于中国创新型企业的实证研究  

Knowledge Distribution among External and Internal Cooperative Networks and Organizational Ambidexterity:Evidence from Chinese Innovative Firms

作　　者：汤超颖 刘丽 李美智 Tang Chaoying;Liu Li;Li Meizhi(School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,北京100190

出　　处：《管理评论》2020年第6期82-92,共11页Management Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71673264,71974178);科技部创新方法工作专项(2018IM030100)。

摘　　要：二元学习平衡是指企业兼顾探索式学习和挖掘式学习,它是企业实现短期绩效与长期绩效的关键。由于知识在企业外部合作伙伴之间的分布影响企业获取外部知识,知识在企业内部研发人员之间的分布影响企业吸收外部知识,知识分布会影响企业二元学习平衡。本文引入二模网络分析方法刻画知识分布特征,实证了知识分布对于企业二元学习平衡的影响,包括知识在企业外部合作伙伴之间分布的广泛性和不均匀性影响企业外部知识获取、知识在企业内部研发人员之间分布的异质性和重叠性影响外部知识吸收。本文分析了2000—2016年29家中国创新型企业的134767个专利数据,结果表明:知识在企业外部合作伙伴之间分布的广泛性和不均匀性正向影响企业二元学习平衡;知识在企业内部研发人员之间分布的异质性正向调节知识在企业外部合作伙伴之间分布的广泛性与不均匀性与企业二元学习平衡的关系;知识在企业内部研发人员之间分布的重叠性负向调节知识在企业外部合作伙伴之间分布的广泛性与企业二元学习平衡的关系。最后,本研究就我国创新型企业内外部知识布局和研发管理提出对策建议。Ambidexterity refers to the firm engaging in both exploratory learning and exploitative learning,and it is a key element in order to achieve both short-term performance and long-term performance.Due to the fact that knowledge distribution among cooperators affects the firms’accessed external knowledge,and knowledge distribution among employees affects the absorption of external knowledge,knowledge distribution should affect firms’ambidexterity.This study introduces the two-mode network analysis method to present the characteristics of knowledge distribution,and explores the influence of knowledge distribution on firms’ambidexterity.It points out that the broadness and uneven knowledge distribution among cooperators will influence firms accessed external knowledge.Meanwhile,the heterogeneous and overlapping knowledge distribution among employees within the firm will influence firm’s ability to absorb external knowledge.The results based on 134,767 patent data applied by 29 Chinese innovative firms in the period of 2000 to 2016 show that the broadness and uneven knowledge distribution among cooperators both positively affect firms’ambidexterity.Furthermore,the heterogeneous knowledge distribution among employees positively moderates the above relationships.The overlapping knowledge distribution among employees negatively moderated the broadness of knowledge distribution among firm cooperators and firms’ambidexterity.The findings have important implications for firms’internal and external knowledge layout and R&D management.

关 键 词：二元学习平衡 知识分布 知识异质性 二模网络 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F279.2[经济管理—国民经济]