独立桩抗撞结构的碰撞相容性优化设计方法  

Crash Compatibility Optimization Design Method of Independent Pile Anti-collision Structure

作　　者：雷正保[1] 黄羽鹏 宋洁 LEI Zhengbao;HUANG Yupeng;SONG Jie(School of Vehicle and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410114

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2020年第11期141-150,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51675059)。

摘　　要：以往用于独立桩(树、电线杆、桥墩等路面固定物)抗撞结构的优化设计方法,只能解决独立桩抗撞结构或车辆单方面的安全性优化设计问题,不能兼顾车辆与被撞物体的安全性优化设计。提出了一种独立桩抗撞结构的碰撞相容性优化方法,该方法以车-车碰撞相容性设计方法为参考,将独立桩抗撞结构视为"对方车辆",将"独立桩"视为"对方车辆中的乘员"展开碰撞相容性研究,确定了独立桩抗撞结构的前端几何形状。然后,根据独立桩抗撞结构设计的轻量化要求,在独立桩抗撞结构的刚度设计中运用最大吸能原则的耐撞性拓扑优化设计方法,获取传力路径最佳的独立桩抗撞结构拓扑构型,解决独立桩抗撞结构与车辆的刚度匹配问题,并弥补独立桩抗撞结构与车辆之间因质量不相容而带来的不足。这样,通过使独立桩抗撞结构与车辆在接触区域两者的前端几何形状和刚度的匹配,既保证了车内乘员的安全性,还使独立桩抗撞结构的吸能能力最大化,从而保证了独立桩的完整性。最后,将所提出的方法对保护树的抗撞结构进行设计,得到了一种能同时保护树的完整性和确保车内乘员安全的全新抗撞结构,验证这种方法的可行性。Previous optimization design methods of independent pile anti-collision structure(such as trees, poles, piers and other road fixed objects) are capable of settling the safety optimization problem of independent pile or vehicle unilaterally, however, the safety performance optimization design for the vehicle and the object impacted can’t be solved simultaneously. A crash compatibility optimization method of independent pile anti-collision structure is proposed. Taking crash compatibility design method of vehicle-vehicle collision as a reference,a crash compatibility study by regarding the independent pile anti-collision structure as "vehicle" and the independent pile as "occupant" is conducted, and the geometry of the independent pile anti-collision structure front end is obtained. Then, according to the lightweight design requirements of the independent pile anti-collision structure, the crashworthiness topology optimization design method is introduced into the stiffness design of independent pile anti-collision structure. The independent pile anti-collision structure topology configuration which the force transmission path is optimal is obtained by means of topology optimization method of the maximum energy absorption principle. The stiffness matching problem of the independent pile anti-collision structure and vehicle is solved, and the deficiency of quality incompatibility between the independent pile anti-collision structure and the vehicle is remedied. By matching the geometric shape and stiffness of front end, it not only ensures the safety of the occupant in the vehicle, but also maximizes the energy absorption capacity of the independent pile anti-collision structure, so the integrity of independent pile is guaranteed. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the design of independent pile protecting trees, and the brand new independent pile anti-collision which can guarantee the integrity of tree and ensure the safety is gained. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified.

关 键 词：碰撞相容性 抗撞结构 几何形状 刚度 独立桩 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]