后发企业技术创新能力路径如何演化?——基于华为公司1987-2018年的纵向案例研究  

How does the path of technological innovation capability of latecomer firms evolve?——A longitudinal case study of huawei from 1987 to 2018

作　　者：刘海兵[1,2] 杨磊 许庆瑞 LIU Hai-bing;YANG Lei;XU Qing-rui(School of Economics and Management,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Management,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学经济管理学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]浙江大学管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《科学学研究》2020年第6期1096-1107,共12页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：中国工程院咨询研究项目(2017-XY-39);国家自然科学基金重点项目(71572177);兰州交通大学天佑青年托举人才基金项目。

摘　　要：后发企业高效追赶模式的内在机理及技术创新能力如何演化已经成为学术研究中亟待解决的问题。本文采用纵向探索性案例研究方法,对华为公司1987-2018年的技术发展历程展开研究,试图从"创新战略——创新范式——技术创新能力"整合性研究视角探讨后发企业实现高效追赶的微观机制,刻画其技术创新能力演化轨迹。通过研究本文发现:第一,后发企业技术创新能力提升路径是从模仿创新能力到初级二次创新能力到成熟二次创新能力再到集成创新能力,最终走向原始创新能力的过程,技术创新能力可以从技术距离、技术效率、技术储备三个更加聚焦技术层面的维度进行测度;第二,与后发企业技术创新能力相匹配的创新战略经历了"市场利用性——市场利用和技术利用——高市场探索性、低技术利用性——高市场探索性、高技术利用性——市场探索和技术探索"的演化过程,创新范式经历了"技术驱动——技术追赶——技术与市场并驱——市场拉动——市场超越"的演化过程;第三,探索性尝试从知识生态的视角挖掘后发企业技术创新能力提升过程中的内在机制,即知识循环机制、知识演化机制、耗散结构平衡机制。The internal mechanism of efficient catch-up mode and the evolution of technological innovation capability of LCFs have become an urgent problem to be solved in academic research.In this paper,the longitudinal exploratory case study method is used to study the technological development process of Huawei from 1987 to 2018,and tries to explore the micro-mechanism for LCFs to achieve efficient catch-up from the perspective of integrated research of"Innovation Strategy-Innovation Paradigm-Technological Innovation Capability",and describe the evolution trajectory of their technological innovation capability.Through the research,it is found that:firstly,LCFs’evolution of technological innovation capability is"Imitation Innovation Capability-Primary Secondary Innovation Capability-Ripe Secondary Innovation Capability-Integrated Innovation Capability-Original Innovation Capability",technology innovation capability can be measured from three dimensions of technical distance,technical efficiency and technical reserves,which focus more on technology.Secondly,innovation strategy matching technological innovation capability of late-developing enterprises has experienced the evolution process of"market utilization-market utilization and technological utilization-high market exploration,low technology utilization-high market exploration,high technology utilization-market exploration and technological exploration",innovation paradigm has undergone the evolutionary process of"technology drive-technology catch-up-technology and market drive-market pull-market surpass".Thirdly,this paper attempts to explore the internal mechanism in the process of upgrading the technological innovation capability of late developing enterprises from the perspective of knowledge ecology,that is,knowledge circulation mechanism,knowledge evolution mechanism and dissipative structure balance mechanism.

关 键 词：后发企业 技术创新能力 创新战略 创新范式 案例研究 

分 类 号：F270.2[经济管理—企业管理]