工作记忆训练对药物成瘾者认知功能的改善及其机制  

Effect of Cognitive Training on Drug Addict’s Cognition Ability

作　　者：赵鑫 王磊[1,2] Zhao Xin;Wang Lei(Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu province,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070;School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省行为与心理健康重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第3期756-761,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560283)项目的资助。

摘　　要：工作记忆训练可以改善药物成瘾者的认知能力,缓解其成瘾症状。其原因可能在于训练能够促进药物成瘾者大脑受损区域的自发性恢复,使与执行功能相关的额叶-基底神经网络产生功能性和结构性的改善。今后可以从不同类别药物成瘾造成的认知损伤是否普遍具有可逆性,药物成瘾者工作记忆训练效果是否存在性别差异以及工作记忆训练与其他技术结合是否具有优势等角度进行近一步研究。Drug addiction is a process in which the relevant neurons in the brain undergo adaptive changes after repeated administration of antidrug acute intensification,characterized by using some kinds of addictive drugs of chronic,relapsing disease uncontrollably.The treatment of drug dependence including two stages which are physiological and psychological.The first is detoxification treatment for physiological dependence,with the purpose of stopping drug abuse and treating withdrawal symptoms.The second is deaddiction treatment,treating the psychological dependence of the dependent patients and preventing relapse.Nevertheless,relapse is still one of the main characteristics of drug addiction and the main problem in the treatment of drug addiction.High relapse rate is also the biggest challenge for drug addiction treatment.Many addiction theories suggest that lack of inhibition or executive control is a hallmark of addiction,leading to persistent drug abuse and difficulty in treatment.Studies of drug cravings in people with addiction,such as Sihna,in stressful situations have found that the decrease of inhibitory control ability and the prominent motivation of impulsive drug seeking are the main factors to accelerate the development of individual drug addiction.In addition,the study also found that cognitive functions(memory,attention,learning,cognitive flexibility and executive control ability,etc.)play an important role in the maintenance and development of addiction.On the other hand,the effects of cognitive impairment on addiction withdrawal have also been demonstrated in the relevant clinical fields of addiction treatment.Many drugs that improve cognitive functions,such as galantamine,modafinil,and atomoxetine,have achieved positive results in the treatment of drug addiction.Combining with the existing research results obtained by working memory which conducts training for healthy individuals,the researchers believe that drug addicts also have a high degree of cognitive plasticity,with training to enhance their pe

关 键 词：药物成瘾 工作记忆训练 执行功能 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]