大麻的潜在医疗价值及使用风险  

Potential medical use and risks of cannabis

作　　者：常祥文 陈文茜 孙艳[1] 韩盈 孟适秋[1] 刘志民[1] 陆林[1,2] 时杰[1] CHANG Xiangwen;CHEN Wenxi;SUN Yan;HAN Ying;MENG Shiqiu;LIU Zhimin;LU Lin;SHI Jie(National Institute on Drug Dependence,Peking University,Beijing,100191;Peking University Sixth Hospital,Beijing,100191)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所,北京100191 [2]北京大学第六医院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2020年第3期161-168,共8页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

摘　　要：目前大麻是全球年销量最大、使用范围最广的一类成瘾性物质。然而由于大麻具有止痛、抗惊厥、抗炎等药理作用,一些国家将大麻列为合法的医用产品。近年来,由于部分国家通过大麻合法化政策,大麻的医用价值与使用风险引发了广泛关注。从大麻植物中可以提取出百余种大麻素,其中最主要的化学成分是δ-9-四氢大麻酚(δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol,THC)和大麻二酚(Cannabidiol,CBD)。大麻的医疗作用主要与THC、CBD和其他大麻素化合物的作用有关。但是THC具有较强的精神活性,在使用时会带来滥用、成瘾等诸多风险,因此应严格依法依规进行临床应用。目前研究显示,CBD无成瘾性,且耐受性良好,具有一定医用价值。本文主要从大麻在疾病治疗中的应用及使用风险两方面进行综述,以期为后续评估大麻使用的利弊以及修订、制订大麻相关政策提供理论依据。Currently,cannabis is a type of addictive substance with the largest annual sales and the widest usage in the world.However,some countries have recognized cannabis as legal medical products due to its pharmacological effects such as pain relief,anti-convulsant,and anti-inflammatory.In recent years,since some countries have adopted legalization policy of cannabis,the medical values and risks of cannabis have caused widespread concerns.More than one hundred kinds of cannabinoids(CBN)can be extracted from cannabis plants,the main chemical components of which are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)and cannabidiol(CBD).The medical values of cannabis are mainly related to the pharmacological effects of THC,CBD and other cannabinoid compounds.However,clinical use of THC is limited because of its strong psycho-stimulating activities and the increased risks of abuse and addiction.CBD is safe and well-tolerated,and has high medical value.This review mainly summarizes the medical values and the risks of cannabis use,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent evaluation of its advantages and disadvantages and the formulation of cannabis-related policies.

关 键 词：大麻 合法化 医用价值 不良反应 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]