微生物脂肪酶稳定性研究进展  

Recent advances in stability studies of microbial lipase

作　　者：徐碧林 朱庆 XU Bi-Lin;ZHU Qing(College of Biology and Agricultural Resources,Huanggang Normal University,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains,Huanggang,Hubei 438000,China;Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430015,China)

机构地区：[1]黄冈师范学院生物与农业资源学院,经济林种质资源改良与综合利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北省大别山特色资源开发协同创新中心,湖北黄冈438000 [2]武汉市疾病预防与控制中心,湖北武汉430015

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2020年第6期1958-1972,共15页Microbiology China

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金(2018CFB299);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划青年人才项目(Q20182901);黄冈师范学院博士科研启动基金(201802103)。

摘　　要：脂肪酶广泛应用于食品、药物、生物燃料、诊断、生物修复、化学品、化妆品、清洁剂、饲料、皮革和生物传感器等工业领域,微生物脂肪酶是商品化脂肪酶的重要来源。高温、酸性、碱性和有机溶剂等恶劣的工业生产环境使得脂肪酶的进一步工业应用受到限制,获取稳定性好的脂肪酶成为打破这一限制的关键环节。本文重点对提高微生物脂肪酶稳定性的策略进行了综述:挖掘极端微生物脂肪酶资源;利用定向进化、理性设计和半理性设计等蛋白质工程策略改造脂肪酶;利用物理吸附、封装、共价结合和交联等酶的固定化技术提高脂肪酶的稳定性;利用物理/化学修饰、表面展示以及多种改良策略相结合提高脂肪酶的稳定性。结合作者前期对酶工程的研究发现,新型酶催化剂的获得应该基于明确的设计思路,结合多种改造方法,基于定向进化-理性设计、定向进化-半理性设计、蛋白质工程-酶的固定化、蛋白质工程-物理/化学修饰、酶的固定化-物理/化学修饰等组合改造,比单一的改造方法具有更高的效率。Lipases are widely used in industries,such as food,pharmaceuticals,biofuels,diagnostics,bioremediation,chemicals,cosmetics,detergents,feed,leather and biosensors and so on,microbial lipases are the most important source of commercial lipases.The harsh industrial production environments,e.g.high temperature,acidity,alkalinity and organic solvents,limit the further industrial application of lipases,to obtain stable lipases becomes a key link to break this limitation.This paper focuses on the main strategies to improve the stability of lipases are as follow:Excavating extreme microbial lipase resources;Using protein engineering strategies,such as directed evolution,rational design and semi-rational design to modify lipases;Utilizing immobilization technologies of enzymes such as physical adsorption,encapsulation,covalent bonding and cross-linking to improve the stability of lipases;Taking advantage of physical/chemical modification,surface display,and a combination of multiple improvement strategies to increase lipases stability.Combined with the author’s previous research on enzyme engineering,it was found that the acquisition of new enzyme catalysts should be based on clear design ideas and combined with a variety of modification methods:combined modification methods based on directed evolution-rational design,directed evolution-semi-rational design,protein engineering-enzyme immobilization,protein engineering-physical/chemical modification and enzyme immobilization-physical/chemical modification,etc.,which are more efficient than single modification method.

关 键 词：微生物脂肪酶 极端脂肪酶 稳定性 蛋白质工程 酶的固定化 

分 类 号：Q936[生物学—微生物学]