一起新型冠状病毒无症状感染者相关聚集性疫情的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological investigation of an aggregation epidemic associated with an asymptomatic patient with novel coronavirus 2019 infection

作　　者：徐军[1] 李静娟[1] XU Jun;LI Jing-juan(Jiaozuo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiaozuot Henan 454003,China)

机构地区：[1]焦作市疾病预防控制中心,河南焦作454003

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2020年第7期787-789,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对焦作市首起新型冠状病毒无症状感染者引起的聚集性疫情开展流行病学调查,以做好疫情防控。方法依据《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第四版)》和《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控方案(第三版)》规定,采集患者痰液和咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光(real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)法检测新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)核酸,结合流行病学史和临床表现进行病例分类判定。采用现场流行病学调查方法对该起聚集性疫情进行调查,调查具体传播途径,追踪排查密切接触者,并及时落实相关防控措施。结果该起聚集性疫情中首发病例W没有明确流行病学史,16 d前病例W的儿子Z曾在邻市与确诊病例S有多次密切接触,结合Z的核酸检测结果、流行病学史和临床表现判定为新型冠状病毒无症状感染者,两人间存在流行病学关联,构成一起聚集性疫情。结论新型冠状病毒无症状感染者可通过密切接触等途径引发家庭内聚集性疫情。要加强家庭内新型冠状病毒肺炎防控知识宣传教育和重点人群管控,避免家庭聚集性疫情发生和传播。Objective To conduct an epidemiological survey on the first clustering epidemic caused by an asymptomatic patient with novel coronavirus 2019(COVID-19)infection in Jiaozuo city so as to effectively prevent and control the epidemic.Methods According to Protocol on Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19(Trial Edition 4)and Protocol on Prevention and Control of COVID-19(Edition 3),the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was performed to detect the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 from the sputum specimens or throat swabs of the case,and then the disease was categorized based on epidemiological history and clinical manifestations.A field investigation was conducted to find the clear route of transmission,track down the close contacts of the case,and implement the relevant prevention and control measures.Results The first case W in this aggregation epidemic had no definite epidemiological history.Z,the son of the case W,who had close contacts with the confirmed case S in a neighboring city 16 days ago,was confirmed as an asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patient based on the result of nucleic acid test,epidemiological history and clinical manifestations.There was an epidemiological association between W and Z;and hence,it was a family aggregation epidemic.Conclusions Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients can cause family aggregation epidemics through close contact transmission.It is necessary to enhance propaganda and education about COVID-19 prevention and control knowledge in families and management of the key groups so as to avoid the occurrence and spread of family aggregation epidemic.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 无症状感染者 聚集性疫情 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R563.14[医药卫生—呼吸系统]