传统与个人的辩证统一--布鲁姆、艾略特与伍尔夫文学批评思想的再阐释  

On the Dialectical Relationship between Tradition and the Individual Talent:Revisiting Harold Bloom,T.S.Eliot and Virginia Woolf

作　　者：蒋竹雨 JIANG Zhuyu

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学英语语言文化学院,广州510420

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2020年第3期108-116,159,共10页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

摘　　要：二十世纪初,T. S.艾略特在其著名论文《传统与个人才能》中强调传统与经典对个人创作的重要性,纠正了浪漫主义对个人情感的过分偏重。当今,文学经典面临固守传统或吐故纳新的两难境地,哈罗德·布鲁姆主张将文学经典精英化,坚守文学经典排他与筛选的属性,而艾略特与伍尔夫则强调文学经典集体性和融合性。艾略特否定极端个性的文学创作,倡导回归集体人格;伍尔夫从女性主义的角度出发,批判女性书写传统的匮乏,呼吁摒弃极端的对立,实现两性融合。这些将传统与个人辩证统一的观点,为文学经典如何适应当今多样、包容的研究趋势,如何服务个性、特色的现代创作提供了积极的借鉴意义。Early in the 20 th century,T.S.Eliot in his famous essay“Tradition and the Individual Talent”emphasizes the importance of tradition over individual creation,trying to rectify the situation where,thanks to the romantic school,personal emotions are overemphasized.Nowadays,literary classics are in a similar dilemma,to adhere to the old or to embrace the new.Harold bloom suggests making the classic for the elite only,insisting that it be exclusive and selective.Yet,Eliot and Woolf suggest it be collective and unifying.Eliot denies extremely individualistic creation and asks for the collective personality,and Woolf,with a feminist perspective,calls attention to the lack of tradition for female writing and for a unity minds between genders.These ideas about the dialectical relationship between tradition and individual talent will make literary classics more helpful for not only researchers who embrace diversity and pluralism but also for writers who prefers more characteristic and original creation.

关 键 词：文学经典 文学传统 哈罗德·布鲁姆 T.S.艾略特 伍尔夫 

分 类 号：I041[文学—文学理论]