中古汉语中的词尾“如”——从“忽如一夜春风来”谈起  

The Suffix of“Ru”in Middle Ancient Chinese Exemplifying“As if the vernal breeze had come back overnight”(忽如一夜春风來)

作　　者：万久富[1] 张莹莹 Wan Jiufu;Zhang Yingying(College of Liberal Arts, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019)

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《语文学刊》2020年第3期85-90,共6页Journal of Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“《宋书》的汉语词汇史视角专题研究”(16BYY122)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开”一句中“忽如”一词的解释至今没有定论,比较常见的看法是将其译为“忽然好像”,或是“好像”。实则此中的“忽如”是一个附加式合成双音词,义同“忽然”,可译为“一下子,突然地”,“如”为词尾,无实义。结合先秦文献和中古文献用例,推断“如”是一个源于先秦文献中的衬字成分,其作为汉语复音词的基因,在中古汉语中广泛作为构词语素使用。基于此,我们判定“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开”一句可译为“(仿佛)一夜春风吹过,突然间千树万树的梨花都开了”。The interpretation of the word“HuRu”in the in Cen Shen’s“farewell poem of snow on the military judges’return to Beijing”(《白雪歌送武判官归京》)has not yet been concluded.The author believes that“HuRu”is an additional compound disyllabic word,which is synonymous with“suddenly”,and“ru”is a meaningless suffix of the word,which differs from“suddenly it seems”or“seems”—the normal interpretation.Based on previous studies and abundant corpus of Pre-Qin and middle ancient period,We infers that the“Ru”is a lining component derived from Pre-Qin literature,which is a gene of Chinese polysyllabic words and widely used as a morpheme in Middle Ancient Chinese.Based on this,the whole sentence should be translated as:“(as if)a gust of spring wind swept past overnight,Bringing thousands upon thousands of pear trees into bloom”.

关 键 词：中古汉语 词尾 忽如 忽然 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]