高负荷活性污泥法中污水有机组分表征  

Characterization of organic fractions in wastewater for high-rate activated sludge process

作　　者：江海鑫 贺艺 戴晓虎[1,2] 陈洪斌[1,2] JIANG Haixin;HE Yi;DAI Xiaohu;CHEN Hongbin(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;National Engineering and Research Center for Urban Pollution Control,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]同济大学,城市污染控制国家工程研究中心,上海200092

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2020年第6期1471-1480,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC0403402);政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0123500)。

摘　　要：污水有机组分表征是高负荷活性污泥法(HRAS)模型建立的基础。针对经典活性污泥1号模型不适用于HRAS这一问题,提出了相应的双水解模型,即将污水有机组分中水解型有机物分为快速水解型与慢速水解型2种,发现两者水解动力学参数具有明显差异。对原水氧利用速率进行参数拟合,通过灵敏度和共线性分析,估计了快速生物降解型有机物、快速水解型有机物、慢速水解型有机物以及异养菌等4种污水有机组分,探讨了污水有机组分与增加HRAS碳源捕获率的关系。结果表明:以上4种有机组分均可被准确识别,共线性指数γK低于经验限值,各组分比例分别为13.9%、11.6%、12.6%和12.8%;从污水组分角度来说,提高HRAS碳源捕获率的3个方向分别为:反应器中的异养菌尽可能将快速生物降解型有机物和快速水解型有机物同化生成细胞物质;避免絮体污泥中的慢速水解型有机物过量水解;抑制异养菌衰减,减少内源呼吸产物的产生。双水解模型对污水有机组分成功表征有助于HRAS的设计、运行及优化。Characterization of organic fractions in wastewater is a foundation of modelling high-rate activated sludge process(HRAS). Because of the inapplicatiliby of the classical activated sludge model No. 1(ASM1) to HRAS, a dual hydrolysis model was proposed to modify ASM1. Hydrolysable organic matter in wastewater was separated to a rapidly hydrolysable type and a slowly hydrolysable type, with distinct hydrolysis kinetic parameters. Parameter fitting was made for the data of oxygen utilization rates. Through sensitivity and collinearity analysis, 4 types of organic fractions in wastewater were estimated: readily degradable organic matter, rapidly hydrolysable organic matter, slowly hydrolysable organic matter and heterotrophs. And the relationship between organic fractions in wastewater and approaches for carbon capture efficiency increase was discussed. The results showed that above 4 types of organic fractions could be accurately identified with the smaller collinearity index γK than the empirical limit value of 20. The proportions of these organic fractions in raw wastewater were 13.9%, 11.6%, 12.6% and 12.8%, respectively. In terms of organic fractions, 3 approaches for improving carbon capture efficiency should be taken into consideration. Firstly, the readily degradable organic matter and rapidly hydrolysable organic matter should be assimilated by heterotrophs as much as possible. Secondly, over-hydrolysis of slowly hydrolysable organic matter captured in sludge flocs need to be prevented. Lastly, the decay process of heterotrophs should be inhibited to reduce endogenous products. The successful characterization of organic fractions in wastewater with dual hydrolysis model is helpful to the design, operation and optimization of HRAS.

关 键 词：污水表征 高负荷活性污泥法 模型辨识 氧利用速率 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]