孟子保国策略探析  

A Brief Analysis of Mencius’Strategy on State Defense

作　　者：葛宁 王曰美 GE Ning;WANG Yue-mei(School of History and Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu Shandong 273165,China;Confucius Institute of Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu Shandong 273165,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院,山东曲阜273165 [2]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《江南社会学院学报》2020年第2期49-53,共5页Journal of Jiangnan Social University

摘　　要：孟子处在诸侯争霸、战争频仍的乱世,关于国家如何在乱世保国图存,他提出了相应的保国策略。其策略对外主张慎战,即尽量避免战争,包含“慎”和“战”两个方面,在“慎”的方面给出“以大事小”和“以小事大”两种策略;“战”的方面强调反侵略战争和国防建设,同时认为在实力过于悬殊的情况下,可变通保民。对内提倡施行仁政,以得民心,本固则邦宁,方能抵御外敌。孟子内外保国策略的精髓在于重民、保民,而其重民的保国策略对当今国家治理亦具有重要的借鉴意义。Mencius lived at a warring time when the princes or dukes of the states fought constantly for hegemony.In this situation,he put forward corresponding strategies on state defense and survival.On foreign policy,he proposed“entering war with caution”,trying to evade war as much as possible.His strategies highlight both“caution”and“war”.On the former,he advised two strategies of a big power serving a small one and of a small power severing a big one.On the later,he focused on launching anti-invasion war and strengthening state defense.Meanwhile,these strategies should be accommodative to protect the people in case of overwhelming inferiority in power.On domestic policy,he advocated benevolent governance to win people’s hearts for a state’s stability and its capability to counter the enemies relied on its inner strength.The essence of Mencius’strategies on defense from within and from without lie in the protection of the people.His people-oriented defense strategies are of great significance to the current governance of a nation.

关 键 词：孟子 保国策略 慎战 仁政 保民 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学]