丹尼尔·斯迈尔与“深度历史”理论  

Danil Lord Smail and the Theory of‘Deep History’

作　　者：张文涛[1] Zhang Wentao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2020年第3期106-117,147,共13页World History

摘　　要：哈佛大学历史系教授丹尼尔·斯迈尔等人所倡导的“深度历史”理论,试图以神经科学的新知为基础,为书写宏大历史提供新的路径。“深度历史”理论反对割裂历史叙述的史前史观念,更反对在人类的生物性与文化性之间划出时间鸿沟,认为历史进程中人的生物性与文化性一直存在互动关系。大脑是文化的生物性基底,同时深深受到文化的塑造作用。“深度历史”理论整合多学科知识、构建连贯性宏大历史叙事的努力值得称道。但在反对进步史观的过程中,斯迈尔也抛弃了启蒙时代关于人类心智进步的重要思想遗产,使得“神经史学”的主张不免失之粗糙,无法有效贯彻到系统性的历史著述中。Danil Lord Smail,a professor of history at Harvard University,proposes the theory of‘deep history’which aims at providing a new path for the grand historical narrative on the basis of the new knowledge of neuroscience.The theory of‘deep history’opposes both the concept of prehistory and the rupture between the nature and the culture of humankind,and insists on the interrelationship between the nature and the culture of humankind.The brain is the biological base of culture and is also deeply shaped by culture in the course of history.D.Smail deserves credit for proposing the theory of‘deep history’which brings about the reunion of the different realms of the historical narrative.Nevertheless,he abandons the important heritage of the Enlightenment regarding the acknowledgement of the progress of human intelligence.His proposition of‘Neurohistory’is unavoidably crude and cannot be fully effectively applied in the writings of the grand historical narrative.

关 键 词：斯迈尔 深度历史 史前史 神经史学 心智 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]