基于物质量的滨海湿地生态补偿理论研究及政策建议  

Study on the theory of ecological offsetting based on physical parameters and policy suggestions for coastal wetlands

作　　者：于淑玲[1,2,3] 崔保山 白军红[1,3] 解成杰 YU Shu-ling;CUI Bao-shan;BAI Jun-hong;XIE Cheng-jie(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China;Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Dongying,257500,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学流域环境生态工程研发中心,广东珠海519087 [3]黄河口湿地生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东东营257500

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2020年第4期453-460,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1901212,51639001);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(51721093);中央高校基本科研业务费专项;北京师范大学学科交叉建设项目。

摘　　要：基于物质量的滨海湿地生态补偿机制的研究,对于推动滨海湿地生态补偿实践、推进资源的可持续利用和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本研究详细论述滨海湿地物质量补偿的理论体系,包括物质量补偿的定义、补偿原则及特点、主要补偿方式,以及补偿主体和客体等;并阐明了物质量补偿与生态修复之间的区别,对补偿参考系和补偿率等概念做了详细阐述。构建适用于我国产权机制的物质量补偿运行模式,将受损滨海湿地列入主要补偿客体,并为我国滨海湿地生态补偿提出对策建议:实行物质量补偿与价值量补偿相结合的多层次补偿模式;构建补偿率核算方法,开展物质量补偿评估试点;加强市场化交易模式,建立多元化补偿运行方式;完善滨海湿地生态补偿的立法和管理工作,保障政策有效性;增加滨海湿地生态补偿投入资金,加强滨海湿地科普教育等。The study of the offsetting mechanism for coastal wetlands based on physical parameters is of significance because it would promote the practice of ecological offsetting in coastal wetlands,the sustainable utilization of resources,and biodiversity conservation.The theoretical framework and system of ecological offsetting based on physical parameters was discussed,including the definition,principle and characteris⁃tics,main offsetting methods,and offsetting subjects and objects,and the difference between ecological offsetting and ecological restoration was clarified.Concepts such as offset baseline and offset ratio were described in detail.We propose that an ecological offsetting mode should take into consideration Chinese characteristics,and the damaged coastal wetland should be included as the main offset object.We propose strategies for improvement in China′s coastal wetlands ecological offsetting,which mainly comprise clarifying the property rights of coastal wetlands,promoting the marketing of ecological offsetting for coastal wetlands,improving the in-kind ecological offsetting mechanism,increasing funding,improving coastal wetland monitoring and management systems,improving ecological offsetting legislation for coastal wet⁃lands,and strengthening coastal wetland education and training for the public.It is extremely important to promote the practice of ecological offsetting based on the physical parameters of coastal wetlands,the sustainable use of resources,and biodiversity protection.It is also neces⁃sary to develop the theory of ecological offsetting for coastal wetlands to improve the effectiveness of ecological offsetting measures in the future.

关 键 词：滨海湿地 生态补偿 生态修复 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]