美国政府与大学关系的变迁——以大学章程的发展史为视角  

Changes in the Relationship Between the US Government and Universities——From the Perspective of the History of University Charters

作　　者：范佳洋 FAN Jiayang(Zhejiang University City College,Hangzhou 310015,China)

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期40-45,共6页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：2017年国家社会科学基金项目“司法裁量的运作机制与偏差控制研究”(17CFX054),主持人:王云清;浙大城市学院教师科研基金资助项目“高校规范性文件的法律属性研究”(J-19008),主持人:范佳洋。

摘　　要：特许状是美国大学章程的最初表现形式,在赋予大学自治权的同时,无法让大学摆脱政治或宗教权威的干涉.为了避免政府对高校的不当介入,联邦最高法院于1819年的"达特茅斯学院案"中将特许状定性为宪法保护的契约,作为政府与大学之间的法定界限.随着特许状的式微和大学法人地位的确立,大学章程逐渐发展为包括设立规范、校内规范等在内的复合型制度体系.这一制度体系既能够保障政府与大学的界限,又能够使大学在合法的轨道上自主运行.The charter of the university in the United States originated from the charter.However,while the charter grants the university independent space,it cannot free the university from the interference of political authority.In the"Dartmouth College Case"of 1819,the Federal Supreme Court held that the charter was actually a contract protected by the Constitution.The charter of the university charter has developed into a boundary between the government and the university.With the decline of the charter and the establishment of the university's legal person status,the form of the university charter is becoming more and more diverse,and it also includes the internal regulations established by the university.The university regulations in the United States have constructed a composite framework that not only can guarantee the boundary between government and university,but also enables universities to operate autonomously on a legal track.

关 键 词：美国府学关系 特许状 大学章程 

分 类 号：G512[文化科学—教育学]