紫杏(Prunus dasycarpa Ehrh.)及其近缘属植物花粉形态特征研究  

The Research of Pollen Morphological Characteristics of Prunus dasycarpa Ehrh.and Its Relatives Genera

作　　者：图尔荪古丽·吾拉伊木 黄雪 郭玲 Tuersunguli·Wulayimu;Huang Xue;Guo Ling(College of Plant Science,Tarim University/The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees,Alar,Xinjiang 843300)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院/南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2020年第2期33-37,共5页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“南疆(原产)栽培杏的驯化起源及甜仁性状定向选择研究”(31760560);塔里木大学重点科技攻关项目“天山南麓丝绸之路沿线区域土著杏遗传多样性及优异种质的挖掘”(TDZKGG201706)。

摘　　要：紫杏是种间杂种,为探明它与其近缘属植物的花粉形态特征,以紫杏(Prunus dasycarpa Ehrh.)、樱桃李(Prunus cera⁃sifera Ehrhar.)和杏(Prunus armeniaca L.)共6份材料的成熟花粉为试材,采用扫描电镜观察其形态、大小和表面饰纹。结果表明:成熟花粉均为单粒花粉、等极、辐射对称,有3条萌发沟,属N3P4C5类型,有穿孔和无穿孔2种表面饰纹。其中‘叶城紫杏’的花粉形态、外壁纹饰特征与母本樱桃李的较为相近,而‘阿里瓦拉’的花粉少、畸形多,这2份材料比其近缘种植物花粉的变异幅度大,且均存在畸形花粉。紫杏花粉的亚显微形态特征不支持其传统种级水平的分类地位。P.dasycarpa is an interspecific hybrid.Six materials belong to three species(P.dasycarpa),(P.armeniaca)and(P.cerasifera)Separately were observed by use of the scanning electron microscope(SEM)to explore the morphology characteristics and size.The results showed that all pollens grain were monads,isopolar,radially symmetrical,tri-colporate.They are all belong to N3P4C5 types,with two kinds of exine ornamentation:perforated and no perforated.The pollen morphology and exine ornamentation o‘f Yecheng Zixing’is Similar to its female parent P.cerasifera.However,‘Aliwala’less pollen,more deformities,these two materials of P.dasycarpa has more variation than closely related species,and there exist pollen deformity.The pollen morphology characteristic of P.dasycarpa do not support the traditional taxonomic status at the species level.

关 键 词：紫杏 近缘物种 花粉形态 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]