系统论视域下中医预防理念的整体性探讨  

Exploring Wholism of Prevention Concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine from Perspective of System Theory

作　　者：王浩[1] 高地纪 齐向华[2] WANG Hao;GAO Diji;QI Xianghua(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China;Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250011,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学,山东济南250355 [2]山东中医药大学附属医院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东中医药大学学报》2020年第4期385-388,424,共5页Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(编号:2015GGH319002)。

摘　　要：中医治未病思想对于提高国民的健康意识、减少医疗费用有重要意义,应用系统论观点对未病先防、既病防变、瘥后防复三方面重新探讨时,可发现中医预防理念的前瞻性。中医将人体视作耗散结构,从调摄脏腑、养性调神及顺应自然等方面进行养生预防:其脏腑是功能态的描述,利用相互制约、协调的能力调护形体;重视情志因素对健康的作用,提倡形神统一;将人体放在开放系统中考察,注重周围环境对人体的相互作用。中医对疾病的认识与有序性原理的观点类似,认为疾病的本质是正邪运动的强弱变化,既病之后强调从整体层面着手,及早采用顺势疗法祛邪,并根据对疾病发展传变规律的独特认识阻截病邪传变,预后则善从多方面调节人体阴阳,巩固增序弱化减序,以防止疾病复发。The idea of prevention of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is of great significance for improving citizens’health awareness and reducing medical expenses.When applying system theory to re-examine the three aspects of prevention before disease onset,controlling development of existing disease and prevention of relapse after cure,we can find the prospective prevention concept of TCM.Chinese medicine regards the human body as a dissipative structure,and carries out health prevention from adjusting the organs,nourishing the spirit and conforming to nature,etc.The concept of viscera in TCM is a description of functional states,which uses the ability of mutual restraint and coordination to regulate the body.TCM emphasizes the effect of emotional factors on health and promotes the unity of body and spirit.Investigates the human body in an open system and lays emphasis on the interaction of the surrounding environment with the human body.TCM’s understanding of diseases is similar to the principle of order.It is believed that the nature of disease is the strength changes of the movement of healthy qi and pathogenic factors.After disease onset,it is emphasized to start from the overall level,use homeopathy to eliminate pathogen as early as possible,and prevent transmission and deterioration of diseases based on the unique understanding of the disease development and transmission.In terms of prognosis,TCM is good at balancing yin and yang of the human body in many ways,consolidating the increasing order and weakening the decreasing order to prevent relapse.

关 键 词：系统论 中医学 整体观 天人相应 辨证论治 治未病 养生预防 

分 类 号：R2-03[医药卫生—中医学]