神经电生理在肌萎缩侧索硬化症诊治过程中的应用进展  

Advances of the application of neuro-electrophysiology in the diagnosis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

作　　者：高伟明 胡文彬 GAO Wei-ming(Second ward of affiliated hospital of institute of Neurology,Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei,Anhui,230061,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学神经病学研究所,安徽合肥230000 [2]安徽中医药大学神经病学研究所附属医院二病区

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔医学院学报》2020年第7期876-879,共4页Journal of Qiqihar Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81473535);安徽中医药大学科研基金(2018SYLCY03)。

摘　　要：肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种进行性神经系统变性疾病,诊断缺乏金标准,早期诊断尤为困难,电生理作为提供运动神经元病变的可靠手段,在诊断中发挥着不可替代的作用。运动神经元损伤与该病的起病、病程进展和预后有着密切联系,因此运动神经元损伤评估对ALS诊疗及预后判断具有重要意义。除药物治疗外,膈肌电刺激、机器人颈托等电生理手段,为未来治疗提供了新的思路。本文通过对传统肌电图、神经生理指数、运动单位数目估计、单纤维肌电图、重复电刺激、高频超声联合肌电图、膈肌电刺激等电生理技术进行综述,以便于临床医生了解其在ALS诊断、评估、治疗及随访中的应用,以提高对神经电生理技术的认识。Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is lack of diagnostic gold standard and particularly difficult to diagnose early.Electrophysiology,as a reliable means to provide motor neuron lesions,plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis.Motor neuron damage is closely related to the onset,progression and prognosis of the disease,so the evaluation of motor neuron damage is of great significance to the diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of ALS.In addition to drug therapy,electrophysiological methods such as diaphragmatic electrical stimulation and robotic neck brace provide new ideas for future treatment.This article reviews traditional electromyography,neuro-physiological index,number of motor units,single fiber electromyography,repeated electrical stimulation,high frequency ultrasound combined with electromyography,and diaphragm electromyography and other electrophysiological techniques to make clinicians understand its application in the diagnosis,evaluation,treatment and follow-up of ALS,to improve the understanding of neuro-electrophysiology techniques.

关 键 词：肌萎缩侧索硬化症 神经电生理 运动单位数目估计 肌电图 综述 

分 类 号：R746.4[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]