日粮纤维水平对苏淮猪直肠中氮、磷含量及结肠菌群数量的影响  

Effects of fiber levels in diet on rectal nitrogen and phosphorus contents and colonic bacteria number in Suhuai pigs

作　　者：王欢[1,2] 杨密 蒲广 范丽娟 高琛 牛培培 吴承武 周娟 黄瑞华 李平华[1,4,5] WANG Huan;YANG Mi;PU Guangh;FAN Lijuan;GAO Chen;NIU Peipei;WU Chengwu;ZHOU Juan;HUANG Ruihua;LI Pinghua(Institute of Swine Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Huai'an Academy,Nanjing Agricultural University,Huai'an 223001,China;Huaiyin Pig Breeding Farm of Huaian City,Huaian 223322,China;Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture(PIG),Nanjing 210095,China;Nanjing Agricultural University New Rural Research and Development Corporation of Huai'an City,Huai'an 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学养猪研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学淮安研究院,江苏淮安223001 [3]淮安市淮阴种猪场,江苏淮安223322 [4]江苏省现代农业(生猪)产业技术体系集成创新中心,江苏南京210095 [5]淮安市南农大新农村发展研究有限公司,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2020年第6期45-49,共5页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872318);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD03B02-4);江苏现代农业(生猪)产业技术建设项目(SXGC(2018)275);江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目(PZCZ201732);江苏省科技计划项目(BY2016063-01,BM2017020);江苏省现代农业(生猪)产业技术体系淮阴示范基地(JATS[2018]111)。

摘　　要：为了研究日粮纤维水平对苏淮猪直肠中氮、磷含量以及结肠微生物的影响,从环保角度鉴别苏淮猪适宜的脱脂米糠替代玉米水平,选择体重(62.90±0.78)kg、健康的苏淮阉公猪15头,随机分为3个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪,使用奥饲本全自动生产性能测定系统进行饲喂,自由采食和饮水,试验预试期10 d,饲喂基础日粮;正试期28 d,对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别饲喂基础日粮,14%和28%脱脂米糠替代玉米日粮。中性洗涤纤维水平分别为8.89%、12.93%和17.94%;试验结束后,进行屠宰,采集直肠末端内容物样品用于氮、磷含量的测定,采集结肠黏膜样品用于总菌、大肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数量(丰度,下简称丰度)测定。结果显示:14%、28%日粮脱脂米糠替代水平对苏淮育肥猪直肠磷排放量没有显著影响(P>0.05),但14%日粮脱脂米糠替代水平显著降低了直肠氮排放量(P<0.05),28%日粮脱脂米糠替代水平极显著降低了直肠氮排放量(P<0.01);14%日粮脱脂米糠的替代水平显著降低产气荚膜梭菌的丰度(P<0.05);14%、28%日粮脱脂米糠替代水平对结肠黏膜总菌、大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌丰度没有显著影响(P>0.05)。从环保角度看,14%日粮脱脂米糠替代水平较好,能显著降低结肠黏膜产气荚膜梭菌丰度,极显著降低直肠氮排放量,且对苏淮育肥猪直肠磷排放量和结肠黏膜总菌、大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌丰度没有显著影响。The present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fiber levels on nitrogen and phosphorus contents and colonic bacteria in the rectum of Suhuai pigs.A total of 15 healthy castrated Suhuai pigs(62.90±0.78)kg were randomly allotted to three experimental treatments with 5 replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate.The three treatments were the control group fed with the basal diet,the treated groupsⅠandⅡwere fed with basal diet mixed with 14%and 28%,respectively,of defatted rice bran(DFRB)instead of corn.The levels of neutral detergent fibers(NDF)in the diet of the three groups were 8.89%,12.93%and 17.94%,respectively.The pigs in all the groups were provided with basal diet ad libitum by the Osborne Testing Stations System(OTSS)during the 10-d pre-feeding period.After a28-d trial,7 pigs from each group were slaughtered,and the samples of rectal contents were collected for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus levels.The colonic mucosa samples were collected for the determination of the number of copies of the 16 S rRNA genes of total bacteria,Escherichia coli,C.perfringens,Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.The results showed that 14%and 28%of dietary DFRB in diet had no significant effect on rectal phosphorus emissions,but they significantly reduced rectal nitrogen emissions(P<0.05).The 14%DFRB level significantly reduced the abundance of C.perfringens in colon mucosa.Neither of the 14%and 28%dietary DFRB levels had significant effect on the abundance of total bacteria,Escherichia coli,Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in colon mucosa.In conclusion,the more appropriae substitution level of defatted rice bran in the diet for Suhuai pigs was 14%,which could significantly reduce rectal nitrogen,colonic C.perfringens,but had no significant effect on rectal phosphorus and total bacteria,Escherichia coli,Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium abundance in their colon.

关 键 词：苏淮猪 脱脂米糠 氮 磷 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S828.8[农业科学—畜牧学]