酒糟沼液与化肥配施对白菜产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Vinasse Biogas Slurry Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Utilization of Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：何方伟 崔宏浩[2] 王文华[2] 朱青[2] 陈正刚[2] 张钦 张爱华 姚单君 况胜剑 杨俐苹[3] 杨秀海 HE Fangwei;CUI Honghao;WANG Wenhua;ZHU Qing;CHEN Zhenggang;ZHANG Qin;ZHANG Aihua;YAO Danjun;KUANG Shengjian;YANG Liping;YANG Xiuhai(Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment/Guizhou Farmland Conservation and Agricultural Environment Science Observation Experimental Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regionalization,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Agricultural Service Center of Jufeng Township,Shiqian County,Shiqian 555106,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院,土壤肥料研究所/农业资源与环境研究所/农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州贵阳550006 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [4]石阡县聚凤乡农业服务中心,贵州石阡555106

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第7期93-100,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC31B01)。

摘　　要：为了对酒糟沼液与化肥配施的可行性提供理论依据,采用田间试验,设置T1(CK,不施氮肥)、T2(化肥全量)、T3(沼液+化肥全量)、T4(沼液+减氮20%)、T5(沼液+减氮40%)、T6(沼液+减氮60%)6种处理,化肥全量为N 225 kg/hm^2+P2O5135 kg/hm^2+K2O 120 kg/hm^2,沼液用量为800 L/hm^2,探讨酒糟沼液与化肥配施(T2—T6)对白菜产量、品质及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,与不施氮肥处理(T1)相比,施用氮肥和沼液能够促进白菜生长,显著增加白菜产量58.6%~177.1%;改善白菜品质包括维生素C、氨基酸和硝酸盐含量。与化肥全量处理(T2)相比,沼液+化肥全量处理(T3)白菜产量显著增加26.6%,维生素C、硝酸盐含量分别显著增加17.57%、6.35%,还原糖、氨基酸含量显著降低36.45%、17.39%,白菜单株氮、钾养分吸收量分别增加20.31%和32.89%,增加氮肥利用效率,说明酒糟沼液对白菜产量、品质和氮肥利用效率均有较大影响。与化肥全量处理(T2)相比,增施沼液并分别减氮20%、40%处理(T4、T5)产量差异均不显著,且氮肥利用效率较优;T6处理产量显著下降。因此,为防止过量施氮导致环境污染风险提高的情况发生,在白菜生产中增施酒糟沼液可减施氮肥20%~40%。The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for feasibility of combined application of vinasse biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer with nitrogen reduction.Using field experiment,T1(CK,no nitrogen),T2(fertilizer),T3(biogas slurry+fertilizer),T4(biogas slurry+20%reduction of nitrogen),T5(biogas slurry+40%reduction of nitrogen),T6(biogas slurry+60%reduction of nitrogen)6 treatments were set,fertilizer was N 225 kg/ha+P2O5135 kg/ha+K2O 120 kg/ha,vinasse biogas slurry was 800 L/ha,to explore the effect of vinasse biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on yield,quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of Chinese cabbage.The results showed that compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer(T1),the application of nitrogen fertilizer and biogas slurry(T2—T6)could promote the growth of cabbage,significantly increase the yield of cabbage by 58.6%-177.1%,and improve cabbage quality including vitamin C,amino acid and nitrate content.Compared with the full amount of fertilizer treatment(T2),biogas slurry+full of amount fertilizer treatment(T3)significantly increased cabbage yield by 26.6%,vitamin C,nitrate contents were significantly increased by 17.57%,6.35%,reducing sugar,amino acid contents were significantly reduced by 36.45%,17.39%,Chinese cabbage nitrogen and potassium nutrient uptake per plant increased by 20.31%and 32.89%,respectively,to increase nitrogen use efficiency,indicating that vinasse biogas slurry had a great influence on cabbage yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency.Compared with the total fertilizer treatment(T2),there was no significant differenc in the yield of treatments of biogas slurry with 20%and 40%nitrogen reduction(T4,T5),and the nitrogen utilization efficiency was better.T6 treatment significantly reduced production.Therefore,in order to prevent the increase of environmental pollution risk caused by excessive nitrogen application,supplementing vinasse biogas slurry can reduce nitrogen application by 20%-40%in cabbage production.

关 键 词：酒糟 沼液 化肥 白菜 产量 品质 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S685[农业科学—观赏园艺]