不同秧龄和基蘖肥配比运筹对机插稻茎蘖动态与产量形成的影响  

Effects of Seedling Age and Management of Base and Tillering Fertilizers on the Tiller Dynamic and Yield Formation of Mechanically Transplanted Rice

作　　者：罗刚 吴昌生 陈霞 徐曙 路友强 吴干 孙燕 LUO Gang;WU Chang-sheng;CHEN Xia;XU Shu;LU You-qiang;WU Gan;SUN Yan(Xinyang Branch of Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation and Development Co.,Ltd.,Sheyang 224314,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农垦农业发展股份有限公司新洋分公司,江苏射阳224314

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2020年第3期19-25,共7页Barley and Cereal Sciences

摘　　要：以“育秧绿”水稻苗床调理剂培育适宜机插的健壮秧苗为前提,设置2组试验,一是在相同密度和移栽时间下设置不同秧龄,二是在相同施肥量下设置不同基蘖肥中氮肥配比,来研究秧龄和调整前期基蘖肥的投入对机插稻缓苗期的影响。结果表明,延长秧龄有利于促进水稻分蘖,秧龄越长,高峰苗越高,但至有效分蘖终止期,各处理的有效茎蘖数差距不大;在产量方面,30 d秧龄处理的产量最高,其综合性状表现最佳。在相同施肥总量且磷酸二铵均为10.0 kg/667 m^2的条件下,基肥尿素10 kg/667 m^2+分蘖肥尿素25 kg/667 m^2较基肥尿素5 kg/667 m^2+分蘖肥尿素30 kg/667 m^2能显著增加分蘖,并能保持有效分蘖的优势;从产量来看,穗数是提高产量最主要的途径,而其他产量构成因素差异不大。The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seedling age and application rates of the nitrogen fertilizer urea in base and tillering fertilizers on the rejuvenation period of mechanically-transplanted rice seedlings and on rice tiller dynamic and yield formation.A field trial was performed.It consisted of two experiments:the first comprised a set of treatments varying in seedling age while having the same sowing density and transplanting time;the second was composed of a set of treatments that had different proportions of urea as the nitrogen fertilizer in base and tillering fertilizers while having the same total amount of fertilizers applied.The first experiment showed that the longer the seedling age was,the higher the peak seedling number was;however,effective tiller numbers in different treatments were not significantly different at the end of the effective tillering period.In terms of yield,the treatment with the seedling age of 30 days attained the highest yield and also showed the best comprehensive characters.The second experiment revealed that among the treatments with the same total amount of fertilizers and the same application rate of diammonium phosphate(10.0 kg/667 m2),the treatment with urea applied at 10 kg/667m2 as a base fertilizer and 25 kg/667 m2 as a tillering fertilizer significantly improved tiller number and maintained the advantage of producing effective tillers as compared with the treatment with urea applied at 5 kg/667 m2 as a base fertilizer and 30 kg/667 m2 as a tillering fertilizer.Regarding rice yield formation,spike number was shown to be the main determinant of rice yield;an increase by 5.88%in spike number per 667 m2 led to a rise by 3.75%in yield,whereas the treatments were not significantly different in other yield components.

关 键 词：机插稻 秧龄 基蘖肥 分蘖 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S147