对虾病害防控的理论与实践  

Disease control in shrimps: theory and practice

作　　者：刘梅[1] 王宝杰[1] 蒋克勇[1] 王雷[1] LIU Mei;WANG Bao-jie;JIANG Ke-yong;WANG Lei(CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所实验海洋生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学》2020年第7期16-25,共10页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD0900401);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD17B03);国家863计划课题(2006AA100311)。

摘　　要：近年来我国对虾养殖持续保持较高增长,但是高密度集约化养殖带来的病害频发和防控手段缺乏等问题,往往给对虾养殖业造成巨大损失,使对虾养殖业成为一个高风险高回报的产业。针对我国对虾养殖业存在的主要危害因子如病原微生物、真菌毒素和环境胁迫等,笔者所在研究团队多年来从对虾免疫反应和生长代谢调控角度,探讨了对虾应对外界刺激的内在机制。同时,研究开发了水产专用的微生物制剂、抗病功能蛋白以及生物饲料等新型的安全投入品,开展了从基础理论到实际应用的系统性研究工作。本文综述了研究团队多年来在对虾病害防控的理论与实践方面的研究成果。China has pioneered the cultivation of shrimps in the world since 2001.The demand for shrimps in China has exponentially increased over the years resulting in a huge gap in supply and demand.Shrimp breeding has a broad developmental prospect.However,the frequent occurrence of diseases and the lack of prevention and control methods due to intensive high-density cultivation have caused huge losses to the shrimp breeding industry,making it a high-risk and high return business.Focused on the main harmful factors of shrimp breeding in China,such as pathogens,mycotoxins,and environmental stress,the research group led by Prof.WANG Lei has explored the internal mechanisms of shrimp responding to external stimulation based on its characteristics of immunity and growth metabolism.At the same time,the research and development of special aquatic microbiological preparations,disease-resistant functional proteins,biological feed,and other modern and safer inputs was carried out.The systematic research work conducted on basic theories and practical applications has provided the theoretical and technical support for antibiotic-free and efficient shrimp breeding industry.

关 键 词：对虾 天然免疫 病害防控 真菌毒素 环境胁迫 益生菌 生物饲料 

分 类 号：S945.4[农业科学—水产养殖]