当前供精辅助生育面临的伦理新问题及对策  

New Ethical Problems and Countermeasures of Assisted Reproductive Technology by Donor Sperm

作　　者：吴红萍[1] 李蓉[1] 刘平[1] 马彩虹[1] 乔杰[1] WU Hongping;LI Rong;LIU Ping;MA Caihong;QIAO Jie(Reproductive Medicine Center,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院生殖医学中心,北京100191

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2020年第6期699-702,共4页Chinese Medical Ethics

摘　　要：辅助生殖技术从诞生之初就面临着伦理争议,尤其在配子捐赠技术中的卵母细胞及精子捐赠方面,其人为安排的亲代关系与传统家庭生育的亲子关系不一致所导致的诸多问题,一直是伦理讨论的热点。供精涉及的伦理问题包括遗传学亲代与社会学父亲之间的家庭社会关系,供受者之间子代的婚配关系等。全面“二孩”政策实施之后,接受供精者家庭生育多个子女时将面临更加复杂的关系,其中涉及多个遗传亲代与社会学父母及供受者之间的关系以及多个子代婚配伦理问题,这将使得供精辅助生育伦理面临新的挑战。辅助生殖技术从业人员应关注配子捐赠辅助生殖技术风险问题,规范配子捐赠伦理管理、提高医疗技术水平并实施及应用,同时应发挥多方位联动效应以降低新技术带来的人为风险。Assisted reproductive technology has faced ethical controversy since its birth,especially in the aspect of oocytes and sperm donation in gamete donation technology.Many problems caused by the inconsistency between parental relationship arranged by human and parent-child relationship caused by traditional family fertility have always been the hot topic of ethical discussion.The ethical issues involved in donor sperm include the family and social relationship between genetic parents and sociological fathers,the marriage relationship between offspring between donors and recipients,and so on.After the implementation of the universal two-child policy,families receiving sperm donors will face more complicated relationships when they have multiple children,which involve the relationship among multiple genetic parents and sociological parents and donors,and the ethical issues of the marriage and mating of multiple children.These will make the ethics of assisted reproductive technology by donor spermface new challenges.The practitioners of assisted reproductive technology should pay attention to the risks of gamete donation,standardize the ethical management of gamete donation,improve the level of medical technology,implement and apply it,and give play to the multi-directional linkage effect to reduce the artificial risks brought by new technology.

关 键 词：配子捐赠 供精 生殖伦理 辅助生殖技术 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]