武陵山区少数民族青少年健康危险行为及聚集模式分析  

Health risk behaviors and cluster patterns of adolescents from four minorities in rural Wuling mountainous area

作　　者：张天成[1] 张福兰[1] 陆盛华[1] 熊静梅[1] ZHANG Tiancheng;ZHANG Fulan;LU Shenghua;XIONG Jingmei(Department of Humanistic Sociology,Physical Education Institute of Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学体育科学学院,湖南416000

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第6期840-844,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科研重点项目(18A278);湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会一般课题(XSP18YBZ142);湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目(17YBA331)。

摘　　要：目的了解武陵山区农村4个少数民族青少年健康危险行为及聚集模式特点,为开展针对少数民族地区青少年的健康教育工作提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2018年9—10月从湘西土家族苗族自治州、怀化通道侗族自治县、张家界桑植县白族乡共抽取8所农村中学的4162名青少年,对其健康危险行为进行问卷调查。采用两步聚类法分析男、女生危险行为聚集模式组的特点。结果武陵山区农村4个少数民族青少年吸烟、饮酒、步行违规、非安全游泳、打架、自杀意念、常感孤独、常失眠、抑郁、网络成瘾行为发生率分别为18.9%,31.0%,49.6%,32.3%,28.6%,18.3%,16.3%,12.4%,16.3%,6.7%;土家族青少年打架(31.4%)、苗族青少年非安全游泳(45.1%)、侗族青少年饮酒(34.8%)、白族青少年步行违规(52.9%)发生率最高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。低危险组中,男生322名(16.4%),女生496名(22.5%);较低危险组中,男生377名(19.3%),女生536名(24.3%);内隐行为高危险组中,男生518名(26.5%),女生758名(34.4%);外显行为高危险组中,男生741名(37.8%),女生414名(18.8%)。23.1%的青少年发生≥4种的健康危险行为,男生高于女生(χ~2=183.52,P<0.01),苗族青少年的比例最高(28.2%)。结论武陵山区农村4个少数民族青少年健康危险行为发生率较高,民族差异较明显;男生外显危险行为、女生内隐危险行为聚集明显。应针对不同少数民族青少年健康危险行为发生的特点采取分级指导,综合干预。Objective To determine health risk behaviors and cluster patterns among adolescents from four minorities in rural of Wuling mountainous area,and to provide a reference for health education for adolescents in ethnic minority areas. Methods Totally 4 162 teenagers from 8 rural middle schools of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Dong Autonomous County of Tongdao,Huaihua,Bai Minority Village of Sangzhi County,Zhangjiajie,were selected with multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire to collect information on health risk behaviors from September to October,2018. Cluster patterns of health risk behaviors were analyzed by sex by two-step cluster method. Results The occurrence rates of the behaviors of the adolescents from four minorities of smoking,drinking,walking violations,unsafe swimming,fighting,suicide idea,feeling lonely constantly,frequent sleeplessness,depression,internet addiction were 18.9%,31.0%,49.6%,32.3%,28.6%,18.3%,16.3%,12.4%,16.3%,6.7% respectively,among which the highest occurrence rates were Tujia teenagers’ fight( 31.4%),Miao teenagers’ unsafe swimming( 45.1%),Dong teenagers’ drinking( 34. 8%),Bai teenagers’ walking violation( 52. 9%). And the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Among the lowest risk group,there were 322 male students( 16.4%) and 496 female students( 22. 5%);Among the moderate low group,there were 377 male students( 19. 3%) and 536 female students( 24.3%);Among the implicit behavior high risk group,there were 518 male students( 26.5%) and 758 female students( 34.4%);Among the explicit behavior high risk group,there were 741 male students( 37.8%) and 414 female students( 18.8%). 23.1% of teenagers engaged in four or more types of health risk behaviors,with male higher than that of female( χ^2= 183.52,P< 0.01),and the rate of Miao teenagers( 28.2%) was the highest. Conclusion Health risk behaviors among minority adolescents in Wuling rural areas are prevalent and varied in ethnicity. Clustering of explicit risk

关 键 词：危险行为 精神卫生 青少年 少数民族 农村人口 健康促进 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G478[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]