高考科目改革向何处去——基于70年高考科目设置变迁与困境的分析  

Where is the reform of college entrance examination subjects heading for?——Analysis of the Changes and Predicaments in College Entrance Examination Subject Setting in the Past 70 Years

作　　者：郑若玲[1] 徐东波 ZHENG Ruoling;XU Dongbo(Research Center for Higher Education Development,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;Institute of Education,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2020年第3期91-97,共7页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“高考综合改革试点完善措施研究”(18JZD052)。

摘　　要：70年来,我国高考科目设置经历了“共同必考科目”模式、“二元分科”模式、“文六理七”模式、“3+2”模式、“3+X”模式及其变式、“3+3”与“3+1+2”模式的更迭,走出了具有中国特色的科目变革道路。总体上,我国高考科目设置与时俱进地与基础教育、高等教育相适应,但却始终未能引导高中走出应试主义的怪圈,难以满足高校的实际需求。未来,相关政府部门要进一步明确高中学业水平考试的定位与功能,协同推进高考科目设置与内容改革,不断完善选考科目设置与引导机制。In the past 70 years,the subject setting of China's college entrance examination has evolved from"compulsory common subjects"model,"dual subjects"model,"literature and theory"model,"3+2"model,"3+X"model and its variants,to"3+3"and"3+1+2"models,providing a distinctive pathway for subject reform with Chinese characteristics.In general,China's college entrance examination subject setting has been advancing with the times to adapt to basic education and higher education.However,it has always failed to guide high schools out of the weird circle of exam-oriented education and meet the real needs of universities.In the future,relevant government departments should further clarify the positioning and functions of the senior high school examinations,coordinate the advancement of the college entrance examination subject setting and content reform,and continuously improve the selective subject setting and guidance mechanism.

关 键 词：高考科目设置 变迁 困境 方向 

分 类 号：G632.474[文化科学—教育学]