乌裕尔河-双阳河流域湿地景观格局演变及其驱动机制  

Landscape pattern evolution of wetland and its driving mechanism in Wuyuer-Shuangyang River Basin

作　　者：吴金华 房世峰[2] 刘宝军 盛芝露 杜加强[1] WU Jinhua;FANG Shifeng;LIU Baojun;SHENG Zhilu;DU Jiaqiang(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection for Regional Eco⁃Process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Northwest Surveying,Planning and Designing Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Xi′an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]国家林业和草原局西北调查规划设计院,西安710048

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第13期4279-4290,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500401-5);国家自然科学基金项目(41001055)。

摘　　要：明确湿地格局演变特征与驱动机制是开展湿地管理与保护工作的重要前提。利用1980—2015年7期土地遥感解译数据,运用空间分析、景观指数、转移概率矩阵和增强回归树模型定量分析乌裕尔河-双阳河流域湿地格局演变特征与驱动机制。结果表明:(1)1980—2015年间湿地面积持续减少,减少了738 km^2,较1980年减少了16.43%;沼泽地占湿地的75%以上,面积也持续减少。1990—1995年是湿地面积减少速率最大的时段。(2)1980—2015年间湿地景观变化趋势为最大斑块的优势地位降低,破碎度加剧,且空间分布趋于离散,连通性减弱。沼泽地的景观变化特征与湿地相似,而水域与之相异。(3)1980—2015年间湿地损失集中分布在乌裕尔河两岸、双阳河中游及流域尾闾,主要转出为水田、旱地、草地和盐碱地,总的转移概率约为20%。(4)气候因素是导致湿地损失的主要因素,贡献率达到50%。道路修建对湿地损失的影响范围约为1.8 km;高海拔会增加湿地损失的风险;耕地周围2 km的湿地易被开垦;自然保护区的建立有效遏制了湿地损失。未来湿地损失风险较大的区域为乌裕尔河中游、双阳河中下游及流域尾闾。It is an important premise for wetland management and protection to clarify the evolution characteristics of wetland pattern and its driving mechanism. Based on the remote sensing interpretation data of seven phases from 1980 to 2015, the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of wetland pattern in Wuyuer-Shuangyang River Basin were quantitatively analyzed by spatial analysis, landscape index, transfer probability matrix, and boosted regression tree model in this study. The results are as follows:(1) from 1980 to 2015, the wetland area continuously decreased 738 km^2 by a reduction of 16.43% and the marsh accounted for more than 75% of the wetland with the continuous decrease. In 1990—1995, the wetland area reduction rate was the largest.(2) From 1980 to 2015, the landscape change trend of wetland was the dominant position of the largest patch decreased, the degree of fragmentation increased, the spatial distribution tended to be discrete, and the landscape connectivity weakened. The change characteristics of the marsh were similar to those of wetland, while the change characteristics of waters were different.(3) From 1980 to 2015, the wetland loss was mainly distributed on both sides of Wuyuer River, middle reaches of Shuangyang River, and the tail of the basin, which was mainly transformed into paddy field, dry land, grassland and saline-alkali land, with a total transfer probability of about 20%.(4) The climatic factors were the main factors leading to the loss of wetland, with 50% contribution rate. Precipitation was negatively correlated with wetland loss, and its impact was greater on wetland loss when annual precipitation was less than 450 mm. There was a positive correlation between temperature improvement and wetland loss, and its impact was greater on wetland loss when temperature improvement exceeded 1.4 ℃. The impact of road construction on wetland loss was within 1.8 km. The high altitude increased the risk of wetland loss. Wetlands within 2 km around cultivated land were easy to be recl

关 键 词：湿地格局 时空变化 景观指数 增强回归树 驱动机制 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P901[天文地球—自然地理学]