循环水养殖系统中不同滤料生物挂膜水处理效果及微生物群落分析  

Analysis of biofilm water treatment effect and microbial community on different filter materials in a circulating aquaculture system

作　　者：章霞 徐志进 柳敏海 李伟业 殷小龙 ZHANG Xia;XU Zhijin;LIU Minhai;LI Weiye;YIN Xiaolong(Zhoushan Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316000, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省舟山市水产研究所,浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2020年第4期528-535,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2019C02048);浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN19C190001);2017省农林渔业经营与管理体系建设专项(浙财农[2016]120号,舟财农[2017]78号)。

摘　　要：为探究循环水养殖系统中不同滤料生物挂膜、微生物多样性和水处理效果间的关系,采用不同的滤料——电气石球(T)、聚乙烯环(PE)、聚苯乙烯泡沫滤珠(EPS)进行挂膜和养殖废水处理试验,并通过Illumina Miseq高通量测序对滤料表面和水体中微生物群落结构及多样性进行分析。结果表明:在48 d的挂膜期间,电气石球组氨氮、亚硝酸盐消除时间较短,比聚苯乙烯泡沫滤珠组早4 d,比聚乙烯环组早8 d,在水处理效果试验过程中,48 h内3种生物滤料对氨氮、亚硝酸盐的去除效率依次为电气石球>聚乙烯环>聚苯乙烯泡沫滤珠;细菌微生物丰富度和多样性分析显示,各组滤料循环水中相同门分类细菌丰富度较高的为变形菌门Proteobacteria、厚壁菌门Firmicutes、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes、放线菌门Actinobacteria和硝化螺旋菌门Nitrospirae,其中,变形菌门和硝化螺旋菌门均具有重要的脱氮功能;水体中和滤料表面的细菌群落组成分析显示,电气石球组水体中的变形杆菌门明显高于聚乙烯环组水体,电气石球组滤料中变形杆菌门和硝化螺旋菌门明显高于聚乙烯环组和聚苯乙烯泡沫滤珠组。研究表明,通过综合比较挂膜时间、水处理效果和微生物多样性,各滤料的水处理效果为电气石球优于聚乙烯环和聚苯乙烯泡沫滤珠,各系统中均具有大量脱氮功能的变形菌门和硝化螺旋菌门细菌且对水处理效果产生重要作用。Tourmaline(T),polyethylene(PE)and expandable polystyrene(EPS)foam filter beads were disposed in a PVC circulating water system and microbial community structure and evolution were investigated in these systems by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology in order to explore the connection among biofilm,microbial diversity and water treatment effect by different filter materials.The results showed that the elimination time of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite was found to be 4 days earlier in tourmaline group than in EPS foam filtration group and 8 days earlier than in PE group.During the water treatment effect test,the order of removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was expressed as tourmaline>PE>EPS foam within 48 h.The analysis of bacterial microbial richness and diversity revealed that the higher microbial richness and diversity bacteria were Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,and Nitrospirae in phylum level in the circulating water of each group,in which Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae had important denitrification functions.The analysis of bacterial composition in filter materials in waters indicated that there was significantly higher Proteobacteria in the water in tourmaline group than that in PE group,and that Proteobacteria and Nitrospira in filter media were significantly higher in tourmaline group than in PE and EPS groups.To sum up,by comparing the film mounting time and water treatment effect,it can be concluded that the water treatment effect of tourmaline was superior to PE and EPS foam filter beads,indicating that the deformation bacteria and nitrifying spiral bacteria played an important denitrification function in the water treatment effect.

关 键 词：滤料 生物挂膜 微生物多样性 水处理 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖]