英国福利思想与制度变化的再思考  

Deliberation of Welfare State and Institutional Change in Britain

作　　者：刘晓梅[1] 闫天宇 LIU Xiaomei;YAN Tianyu

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学公共管理学院,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2020年第4期93-101,共9页Social Security Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“长期护理保险制度实施效果及优化研究”(17crk011);辽宁省社科联项目“社区居家养老服务生存现状调查及对策研究”(20190041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在以时间为坐标衡量制度历史沿革的同时,还应以人类生命周期下的多种相关保障内容协同运作的空间维度为坐标,思考英国福利思想与制度变化。英国最早完成从救济到全面建成福利国家制度的跨越。福利制度作为英国本土自发的一种文明形式,秉持其理念,在继承中不断创新。但如今只围绕缩减公共支出进行的调整导致国家被拖累,问题积重难返。福利制度在其诞生地英国的发展受阻,徘徊在崩溃的边缘,不仅无法达到促进社会进步和调和社会矛盾的目的,还因日渐僵化使政府陷入四面楚歌的局面,甚至威胁国家体制。而政府不深入问题实质的改革,以及转嫁矛盾的做法,没有适应时代的发展,终究无法使英国从根本上脱离福利危机的“泥沼”。This paper argues that while measuring the historical evolution of the system with time as the coordinate,the study on the changes of welfare thought and system in Britain should also take the spatial dimension of the collaborative operation of various relevant security contents under the human life cycle as the coordinate.Britain is the first country to complete the transition from relief to a comprehensive welfare state system.As a spontaneous form of British civilization,welfare system adheres to its concept and innovates constantly in inheritance.However,the country has been dragged down by adjustments made only around cuts in public spending,and the problems accumulated over a long period of time are not easily solved.It is not only unable to achieve the purpose of promoting social progress and reconciling social contradictions,but also make the government in a dilemma and threaten the national system because of the increasingly rigid situation.Britain government's reform without going deep into the essence of the problem and the practice of transferring contradictions don't adapt to the development of the times,and ultimately cannot make Britain fundamentally free from the mire of the welfare crisis fundamentally.

关 键 词：济贫法 贝弗里奇报告 福利国家 社会保障制度 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]