甘肃地区几种鲑鳟鱼肌肉营养成分比较与评价  

Analysis and comparison of nutrient components in the muscle of trout from Gansu

作　　者：尤宏争[1,2] 包海岩 谷德贤[1] 付廷斌[3] 张雪亮 李勤慎 YOU Hong-zheng;BAO Hai-yan;GU De-xian;FU Ting-bin;ZHANG Xue-liang;LI Qin-Shen(Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute,Tianjin 300221,China;Tianjin Counterpart Support Gansu Front Headquarters,Lanzhou 730030,China;Jingtai Fisheries Technology Extension Centre,Baiyin 730400,Gansu,China;Yongdeng Fisheries Station,Lanzhou 730300,China;Gansu Fisheries Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市水产研究所,天津300221 [2]天津市对口支援甘肃工作前方指挥部,兰州730030 [3]白银市景泰县渔业技术推广中心,甘肃白银730400 [4]兰州市永登县水产工作站,兰州730300 [5]甘肃省渔业技术推广总站,兰州730030

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2020年第4期18-25,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：天津市农业科技成果转化与推广项目(201601400)。

摘　　要：为了解甘肃地区养殖鲑鳟鱼的营养价值与鲜美程度,采用常规营养测试方法测定虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、金鳟(golden Oncorhynchus mykiss)、亚东鲑(Salmo trutta fario)及七彩鲑(Salvelinus fontinalis)四种商品鱼(体质量835.72~989.12 g)的肌肉营养成分。结果显示:鱼肌肉(鲜样)中水分的质量分数为70.80%~75.00%、粗蛋白18.40%~19.20%、粗脂肪4.00%~10.10%和粗灰分1.20%,除粗灰分含量外各组间差异显著,金鳟是典型高蛋白高脂肪品种。共检测出18种氨基酸,其中人体必需的8种氨基酸总量为7.69%~8.43%(干样,下同);4种鲑鳟鱼肌肉中必需氨基酸组成均与FAO/WHO要求一致,必需氨基酸指数为84.40~86.56;限制性氨基酸一致为色氨酸,4种鲜味氨基酸总质量分数为38.52%~39.25%,各组间差异显著,从各种氨基酸分析得出亚东鲑是相对组成最理想的品种。肌肉中脂肪酸含量丰富(21~23种),多不饱和脂肪酸含量达1.80%~4.83%,其中DHA+EPA含量为0.39%~0.90%,各组间差异显著,但虹鳟保健价值更有优势。9种常见的矿物元素被检测出,各组间差异显著,其中七彩鲑矿物元素相对较高,生理功效突出。研究表明4种养殖鲑鳟鱼营养价值均较高。Nutritional components in the muscle of Oncorhynchus mykiss,golden Oncorhynchus mykiss,Salmo trutta fario and Salvelinus fontinalis(body weight ranged 835.72~989.12 g)in Gansu plateau were determined with conventional method to analyse the nutritional quality and delicious level in the muscle.The results showed that the moisture ranged 70.80%~75.00%,the protein ranged 18.40%~19.20%,the fat ranged 4.00%~10.10%and the ash ranged 1.20%~1.20%(fresh sample).There were significant differences between groups of typical nutritional components except the groups of ash contents.The golden Oncorhynchus mykiss was a typical high protein and fat trout species.A total of 18 amino acids were identified in muscle.The contents of the essential amino acid(EAA,eight species)ranged 7.69%~8.43%(dry sample,the same below),which represented 40.55%~41.14%of each total amino acid(TAA).The EAA compositions and structures of four trout species met the FAO/WHO standard.The first limited amino acid was tryptophan in each trout species and the essential amino acid index(EAAI)ranged 84.40~86.56.There were significant differences between the groups of delicious amino acid(DAA)contents(38.52%~39.25%).The Salmo trutta fario was the most ideal species due to its balanced amino acid composition.The muscle of four trout species in Gansu plateau was rich in fatty acid(21~23 species),including 1.80%~4.83%polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)and 0.39%~0.90%EPA+DHA,with significant differences between groups.The Oncorhynchus mykiss had more advantages in the value of health care.A total of nine mineral elements were detected in each group with significant differences.The Salvelinus fontinalis had relatively high mineral element content and outstanding physiological function.It indicated that the four trout species in Gansu plateau had high nutritional value and breeding prospects,which could be studied and extended in the future.

关 键 词：虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 金鳟(golden Oncorhynchus mykiss) 亚东鲑(Salmo trutta fario) 七彩鲑(Salvelinus fontinalis) 营养成分 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]