临床风险沟通的医患差异与应对策略  

The Doctor-Patient Discrepancy in Clinical Risk Communication and the Corresponding Strategy

作　　者：魏子晗 欧阳良媛 王晓庄[1,2,3] Wei Zi-han;Ouyang Liang-yuan;Wang Xiao-zhuang

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社科重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院 [2]天津师范大学心理学部 [3]国民心理健康评估与促进协同创新中心 [4]天津师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2020年第1期155-167,M0010,共14页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划(重点)项目(TJJX18-012)的资助。

摘　　要：医患沟通的一个重要方面是医务工作者向患者传递医疗过程中可能出现的各种不确定与风险信息,即风险沟通。然而,在风险沟通中,医患双方在风险认知、风险决策、情绪与动机上存在差异,这将导致双方在风险沟通上存在一定的困难和障碍。为了帮助医患双方进行良好沟通,共同做出优质的医疗决策,研究者提出了一些可供参考的风险沟通策略,包括合理选择风险表征方式、注意使用分母与分子、巧妙应用框架效应、使用图表等视觉辅助工具、附加背景信息等手段。未来应当重视和发展本土化的、针对中国医疗环境的风险沟通研究,同时尝试发展互联网交互式平台等新型医患风险沟通平台,改善风险沟通效果。An important aspect in doctor-patient communication is that doctor communicate all kinds of uncertain and risky information in clinical practices to patients, i. e., risk communication. In communicating clinical risks, there are some discrepancies between doctors and patients in their risk perception,risky decision-making,emotions and motivations,leading to obstacles in clinical risk communication. In order to improve the doctor-patient communication and help them make better clinical decisions, researchers proposed some risky communication strategies,including selecting appropriate methods to present risks,using appropriate denominator/numerator numeric format,taking advantage of framing effect,using visual aids such as diagrams and providing more contextual information. In the future,we should pay more attention to developing localized research based on the current Chinese medical environment in clinical risk communication, and work to develop interactive Internet-based platforms to improve clinical risk communication.

关 键 词：医患沟通 风险沟通 风险认知 沟通策略 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]