内蒙古放牧和舍饲绵羊肉的脂肪酸特征  

Fatty Acid Profiles of Meat from Pasturing and Barn-Fed Sheep in Inner Mongolia,China

作　　者：刘梦静 郭军[1] 闫鑫磊 孙海洲[2] LIU Mengjing;GUO Jun;YAN Xinlei;SUN Haizhou(College of Food Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学食品科学与工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农牧业科学院动物营养与饲料研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《肉类研究》2020年第6期38-44,共7页Meat Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201802068)。

摘　　要：内蒙古盛产天然放牧牛羊肉,规模化舍饲也在农区和禁牧地区迅速发展,但不同饲养方式绵羊肉的脂肪酸特征缺乏系统评价。从内蒙古东北部、东中部和西部3个典型纯牧业和农牧业区的7个旗县采集草原放牧绵羊肉109份和舍饲绵羊肉30份,采用气相色谱法测定脂肪酸并进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和描述性统计。结果表明:对各旗县绵羊肉样按放牧和舍饲2种饲养方式或地域聚类进行PCA,呼伦贝尔和锡林郭勒草原放牧肉样聚集在一起,巴彦淖尔农区舍饲肉单独聚类,放牧和舍饲同地域内各旗县和品种聚类均未能分离;股二头肌和羊肥尾多数脂肪酸含量存在差异,但放牧和舍饲肉样间特征脂肪酸有一致性;羊肥尾脂肪酸对2种饲养方式的区分效果比股二头肌好;放牧肉n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)、α-C18:3 n-3(α-亚麻酸)、C14:1和C14:0含量显著高于舍饲肉,放牧股二头肌和羊肥尾n-3 PUFA含量为舍饲的6.0倍和4.2倍,而α-亚麻酸含量为舍饲的4.6倍和3.9倍,舍饲绵羊肉n-6 PUFA、反式脂肪酸和C18:2 n-6c(亚油酸)、C18:1 n-9t(反式油酸)含量显著高于放牧肉。Inner Mongolia is a major producer of meat from natural pasture-grazed cattle and sheep,and large-scale barn feeding is burgeoning in the farming area and the herding forbidden-banned area.However,a systematic evaluation of the fatty acid characteristics of meat from sheep under different feeding systems is still lacking in the literature.A total of 109 meat samples from pasturing sheep and 30 meat samples from barn-fed sheep were collected from 7 banners/counties in the three typical pastoral areas and agro-pastoral areas of northeast,east-central and west Inner Mongolia,and their fatty acid compositions were determined by gas chromatography(GC),and the data obtained were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA)and descriptive statistics.Results indicated that grazing sheep meat samples from the Hulunbuir and Xilingol grassland were gathered into one group,while barn-fed sheep meat samples from Bayannur farming region into another group.Both grazing and barn-fed sheep meat from each of the three regions were not separable by banners/counties or breeds.Most fatty acids in Biceps femoris were significantly different from those in tail fat,while the characteristic fatty acids in grazing sheep meat were consistent with those in barn-fed sheep meat.The fatty acids of tail fat provided better separation of the two feeding patterns than did those of Biceps femoris.The contents of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs),α-C18:3 n-3(α-linolenic acid),C14:1 and C14:0 in grazing sheep meat were significantly higher than those in barn-fed sheep meat.The content of n-3 PUFAs in Biceps femoris and tail fat increased by 5.0 and 3.2 times,and the content ofα-linolenic acid increased by 3.6 and 2.9 times,respectively.On the other hand,barn-fed sheep meat contained significantly more n-6 PUFAs,trans fatty acids,C18:2 n-6 c and C18:1 n-9 t than did grazing sheep meat.

关 键 词：放牧 舍饲 绵羊肉 脂肪酸 主成分分析 

分 类 号：TS251.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]