贵州野生茶树种质资源立地环境多样性  

Eco-environmental diversity of wild tea germplasms in Guizhou Province

作　　者：牛素贞 赵支飞 宋勤飞 陈正武 NIU Suzhen;ZHAO Zhifei;SONG Qinfei;CHEN Zhengwu(College of Tea Science/Tea Engineering Technology Research Center,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Tea Science,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学茶学院/茶叶工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2020年第7期1223-1232,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：贵州省科技厅农业攻关项目黔科合支撑(〔2017〕2557,〔2017〕2558);贵州省自然科学基金重点项目(黔科合基础〔2019〕1404号);贵州大学培育项目(黔科合平台人才〔2018〕5781-37);贵州省科技计划(黔科合成果〔2019〕4273号,〔2019〕4279号);黔西南州科技计划(2018-1-56,2018-1-53,2019-1-69)。

摘　　要：为更好地保护野生茶树种质资源,以贵州省32个分布地的野生茶树种质资源立地生态因子为研究对象,对野生茶树种质资源的分布特征、气候特征和主要伴生植物多样性进行分析和综合评价。结果表明:贵州野生茶树种质资源中乔木型较多,占50%,小乔木型较少,仅占0.03%,灌木型为49.97%;水平分布范围104°58′~108°36′E、24°58′~29°07′N,垂直分布范围是海拔615~1900 m,基本处在中亚热带季风湿润气候和亚热带季风湿润气候区;伴生的木本植物种类较少;野生茶树分布数量与土壤全氮含量、全磷含量、有机质含量、主要伴生植物数量、主要伴生植物种类呈显著正相关。部分野生茶树种质资源能够在极端气候下长期存活,对极端气候有独特的适应性。野生茶树种质资源的自然分布状态已经改变,因此,要加强对贵州野生茶树的有效保护和高效利用。The eco-environmental factors of wild tea germplasms distributed in 32 geographical locations were studied to evaluate the diversity of distribution characteristics,climatic characteristics and associated plants,and to provide theoretical basis for the protection of wild tea germplasm in Guizhou Province.The results showed that 50%of the wild tea germplasms were arbor type,0.03%were small arbor type,49.97%were shrub type.The horizontal distribution range of wild tea germplasms was 104°58′-108°36′E and 24°58′-29°07′N.The vertical distribution range of wild tea germplasms was 615-1900 m.Most geographical locations located in the humid subtropical monsoon and subtropical monsoon climate areas.Associated plants of woody species were fewer.The numbers of wild tea plants in each geographical location was significantly positive correlated with the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter in soil,numbers and species of main associated plants.Some wild tea germplasm could survive in extreme climate for a long time,which had unique adaptability to extreme climate.The natural distribution of wild tea germplasm had changed,therefore,it was imperative to strengthen the effective protection and efficient utilization of wild tea trees in Guizhou.

关 键 词：野生茶树 气候特征 生态环境 多样性 伴生植物 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]