地形因子对土壤理化性质和植物种类的影响  

Effects of Topographic Factors on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Plant Species

作　　者：孙莉英[1,2] 栗清亚 裴亮 吴辉[3,4] 陈腊娇 SUN Liying;LI Qingya;PEI Liang;WU Hui;CHEN Lajiao(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hangzhou Dianzi University,Smart City Research Center,Hangzhou 310012,China;Zhejiang Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Cities,Hangzhou 310012,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,CAS,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]杭州电子科技大学,杭州310012 [4]浙江智慧城市区域协同创新中心,杭州310012 [5]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第7期120-127,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC050540503);国家自然科学基金项目(4197071197,41771314);中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究影响土壤理化性质和植物种类的主要地形因子。【方法】以南方红壤丘陵坡地果园水土保持示范区为研究区域,采用五点采样法取土,利用样方法开展植被调查,利用ArcGIS确定各采样点地形因子,对土壤理化性质(土壤总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)、有机质(TOC)、土壤含水率)和植物种数随地形因子(坡度、破向、坡位)进行相关性分析。【结果】不同坡度等级下土壤含水率表现为5°~10°>10°~15°>15°~25°>0°~5°,在0°~5°坡度等级下土壤含水率最低为(18.6%)。土壤TN、TP、TK、TOC量随坡度和坡向变化无显著差异。土壤TN、TK和土壤含水率在不同坡位处无显著差异,TP和TOC量随坡位的下降而增加。研究区内共有植物183种,植物种类数随坡度、坡向及坡位差异显著。植物种类数随坡度变化趋势为0°~5°>10°~15°>15°~25°>5°~10°;坡向上表现为阳坡多于阴坡;随坡位变化趋势为山坡>山顶,坡中>坡上>坡下。【结论】坡度是土壤含水率变化的主导地形因子,坡位是土壤TP和TOC变化的主导地形因子。【Objective】Soil properties and vegetation types are important factors affecting soil erosion,which are of great significance for controlling soil erosion and taking reasonable soil and water conservation measures.Both soil properties and vegetation are restricted by topographic factors.The important feature of the hilly area of red soil in Jiangxi Province is that the terrain is complex.The influence of topographic factors on soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation cover is an important basis for improving soil erosion prevention and land use structure adjusting,which is also of significance for improving soil and water conservation measures and ecological environment protection.However,the laws and mechanisms of the terrain factors’influencing on soil properties and vegetation are not clear in hilly orchard of red soil region in southern Jiangxi Province.In this paper,the impacts of topographic factors,such as slope gradient,slope direction and slope position,on soil physical and chemical properties(total nitrogen(TN),total potassium(TK),total phosphorus(TP),total organic carbon(TOC)and soil moisture content)and the number of plant species were investigated,which can provide scientific reference for the fine development of hilly orchards and the comprehensive benefits improvement of soil and water conservation measures in hilly slope land of red soil region in southern China.【Method】Taking the soil and water conservation demonstration area of hilly orchard in the red soil region of southern China as the research area,soil sampling was carried out by five-point sampling method,vegetation survey was carried out by quadrat method,the topographic factors of each sampling point were determined by ArcGIS,and the differences of soil physical and chemical properties and plant species with topographic factors and their correlations were analyzed by using statistical software(SPSS 22.0).【Result】The change trend of soil moisture content at different slope grades was 5o^10o>10o^15o>15o^25o>0o^5o,a

关 键 词：水土保持 植被调查 土壤采样 坡度 坡向 坡位 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]