甲型流感的流行与防控分析及其对新冠肺炎疫情的启示  

Epidemic Situation,Prevention,Control of Influenza A and Its Enlightenment for COVID-19

作　　者：李垚 梁丁元 穆云松 马瑾[3] 常江 王颖 LI Yao;LIANG Dingyuan;MU Yunsong;MA Jin;CHANG Jiang;WANG Ying(School of Space and Environment,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Environment&Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院,北京100191 [2]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [3]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [4]北京航空航天大学大数据精准医疗高精尖创新中心,北京100191

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第7期1562-1570,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

摘　　要：目前新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在全球流行,对人类生命健康造成威胁.对甲型流感这一常见传染病进行流行特征、影响因素和防控措施分析,回顾总结全球为防控甲型流感做出的努力及相关科学研究成果,为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情提供防控经验和研究思路.结果表明:①甲型流感呈季节性流行,受气候、社会、政治和文化等多因素影响,在低温低湿、人口密集的环境中表现出强流行性.②甲型流感防控研究工作主要包括季节性流感病毒监测、流感病毒的生态学研究、广谱中和抗体及通用疫苗的研究、应对流感大流行的病原学风险评估四方面,其中季节性流感病毒监测是制定公共卫生政策及后续研究的核心防控措施.③与甲型流感类似,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行受温度等气候因素影响,同时社会、政治、文化等因素也影响其传播,亟需借鉴较成熟的甲型流感的防控经验、技术和平台.建议在加强病毒监测的同时,深入开展病毒生态学研究、病原学风险评估和药物开发,对完善疫情防控工作和预警预测未来可能出现的二次暴发及传播至关重要.研究结果将为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情和未来传染病疫情的防控及预测预警提供参考和研究思路.COVID-19 has become a global epidemic,posing an unpredictable threat to human health.In this study,we addressed the epidemic characteristics,driving factors,prevention and control measures of influenza A,a more common epidemic.In addition,we reviewed the global efforts on how to prevent and control influenza effectively and related scientific research achievements,which aims to provide experience and suggestions for the prevention and control of COVID-19.The results show that:(1)Influenza A is a seasonal epidemic,affected by climatic,social political,cultural factors and others.It is more contagious in low-temperature,low-humidity,densely populated environment.(2)The prevention and control of influenza A mainly includes seasonal influenza virus surveillance,influenza virus ecological studies,broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies and universal vaccines,as well as the etiological assessment of influenza pandemic risk.Seasonal influenza virus surveillance is the core of public health policy formulation and follow-up scientific research.(3)Similar to influenza A,the prevalence of COVID-19 is affected by climate factors such as temperature,as well as social,political,cultural and other factors,which needs to draw the lessons from the mature experience,technologies and platforms of influenza.The combination of multiple actions,such as strengthening virus surveillance,conducting further research on virus ecology and etiological risk assessment and drug discovery is essential for early warning and prediction of the possible secondary wave of epidemics in the future.Our study will provide direct inspiration for the prevention,control,prediction and early warning of COVID-19 and other epidemics in the future.

关 键 词：甲型流感 影响因素 禽流感 流行与防控分析 新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19) 

分 类 号：X18[环境科学与工程—环境科学]