稳健局部特征非下采样小波域数字水印  

Digital watermarking algorithm in the UDWT domain based on robust local features

作　　者：牛盼盼[1,2] 杨思宇 沈鑫 杨红颖 石齐良[1] 王向阳 Niu Panpan;Yang Siyu;Shen Xin;Yang Hongying;Shi Qiliang;Wang Xiangyang(School of Computer and Information Technology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学计算机与信息技术学院,大连116029 [2]大连理工大学电子信息与电气工程学部,大连116023

出　　处：《中国图象图形学报》2020年第6期1091-1103,共13页Journal of Image and Graphics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61472171,61701212);中国博士后科学基金项目(2018T110220);辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(LZ2019001);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-ZD-0468)。。

摘　　要：目的基于数字水印技术的音乐作品版权保护是学术界的研究热点之一,多数数字音频水印方案仅仅能够对抗简单的常规信号处理,无法有效抵抗破坏性较强的一般性去同步攻击。为此,提出了一种基于稳健局部特征的非下采样小波域数字水印算法。方法利用非下采样小波域平滑梯度检测算子从载体音频中提取稳定的音频特征点,结合数字音频样本响应确定局部特征音频段,采用量化调制策略将数字水印信号重复嵌入局部特征音频段中。结果选取4段典型的采样频率为44.1 kHz、量化精度为16 bit、长度为15 s的单声道数字音频信号作为原始载体进行测试,并与经典算法在不可感知性和鲁棒性两方面进行对比。结果表明,本文算法在含水印音频与原始载体音频间的信噪比平均提升了5.7 dB,同时常规攻击和去同步攻击下的平均检测率分别保持在0.925和0.913,高于大多数传统算法,表明了本文算法具有较好的不可感知性。在常规信号处理(MP3压缩、重新量化、重新采样等)和去同步攻击(幅度缩放、随机剪切、音调伸缩、DA/AD转换、抖动等)方面均具有较好的鲁棒性。结论本文利用描述能力强且性能稳定的平滑梯度刻画局部数字音频性质,提出一种基于平滑梯度的非下采样小波域音频特征点提取方法,有效解决了音频特征点稳定性差且分布极不均匀的缺点,提高了数字音频水印对音调伸缩、随机剪切、抖动等攻击的抵抗能力。Objective Under the background of the continuously increasing quantity of digital documents transmitted over the Internet, efficient and practical data hiding techniques should be designed to protect intellectual property rights. Digital watermarking techniques have been historically used to ensure security in terms of ownership protection and tamper-proofing for various data formats, including images, audio, video, natural language processing software, and relational databases. This study focuses on audio watermarking. In general, digital audio watermarking refers to the technology of embedding useful data(watermark data) within a host audio without substantially degrading the perceptual quality of the host audio. For different purposes, audio watermarking can be divided into two classifications: robust and fragile audio watermarking. The former is used to protect ownership of digital audio. By contrast, the latter is used to authenticate digital audio, i.e., to ensure the integrity of digital audio. A digital watermarking scheme generally has three major properties: imperceptibility, robustness, and payload. Imperceptibility indicates that the watermarked audio is perceptually indistinguishable from the original one. This property is required to maintain the commercial value of audio data or the secrecy of embedded data. Robustness refers to the ability of a watermark to survive various attacks, such as JPEG/MP3 compression, additive noise, filtering, and amplification. Payload refers to the total amount of information that can be hidden within digital audio. Imperceptibility, robustness, and payload are three major requirements of any digital audio watermarking system to guarantee desired functionalities. However, a trade-off exists among them from the information-theoretic perspective. Simultaneously improving robustness, imperceptibility, and payload has been a challenge for digital audio watermarking algorithms. A digital audio watermarking scheme must be robust against various possible attacks. Attacks tha

关 键 词：音频水印 去同步攻击 特征点 平滑梯度 非下采样小波变换 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]