产纤维素酶混合菌发酵优化及秸秆降解研究  

Optimization of cellulase mixed bacteria fermentation and straw degradation efficiency

作　　者：毛婷 魏亚琴[1] 张苗苗[2] 穆永松 叶泽 牛永艳 王治业[1] MAO Ting;WEI Ya-qin ;ZHANG Miao-miao

机构地区：[1]甘肃省科学院生物研究所甘肃省微生物资源开发利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中科院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃华瑞农业股份有限公司,甘肃张掖734500

出　　处：《饲料研究》2020年第6期56-62,共7页Feed Research

基　　金：甘肃省科学院合作项目(项目编号:2019HZ-03);甘肃省科学院应用研究与开发项目(项目编号:2018JK-04)。

摘　　要：试验旨在采用混合菌发酵产纤维素酶处理秸秆提高其饲用价值。通过滤纸条崩解试验及纤维素酶活力的测定筛选出高产纤维素酶真菌、细菌菌株并确定混合菌最优组合方式,研究接种方式、接种比例、接种时间、接种量对混合菌产纤维素酶的影响。用酶液处理玉米、小麦、水稻、油菜和大豆秸秆,检测秸秆降解率并采用电子扫描显微镜观察秸秆表面结构。结果表明:筛选出高产纤维素酶菌株在先接种木霉、黑曲霉、白腐菌,间隔36 h后再接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌,接种比例2:1、接种量8%条件下,混合菌纤维素酶活高于单菌;羧甲基纤维素酶酶活力为142 U/mL,与优化前相比提高了1.1倍;滤纸酶活力为102 U/mL,与优化前相比提高了1.3倍;酶液处理后玉米秸秆的降解效果最佳,纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为23.7%、11.9%和6.3%,秸秆表面结构被破坏。The purpose of the experiment was to use mixed bacteria fermentation to produce cellulase to treat straw and improve its feeding value.The strains of high yielding cellulase fungi and bacteria were screened out by filter strip disintegration test and cellulase activity.Combination of mixed bacteria,inoculation method,inoculation ratio and inoculation size were optimized on cellulase production.Corn,wheat,rice,soybean and rape straws were treated with optimized cellulase solution,and the degradation rate of straws was measured.The results showed that high yield of cellulase condition was Trichoderma,Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi were inoculated,after 36 h interval,Bacillus belize,Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis were inoculated,inoculated rate 2:1,inoculum size 8%.Cellulase activity of mixed bacteria was higher than single bacteria.CMCase activity reached 142 U/mL,which was 1.1 times higher than before.FPAse activity was up to 102 U/mL,which was 1.3 times higher than before.The degradation rate for corn straw was best and the degradation rates of cellulase,hemicelluloses and lignin were 23.7%,11.9%and 6.3%respectively,the surface structure of corn straw treated with enzyme solution was destroyed.

关 键 词：混合菌 纤维素酶优化 秸秆降解 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S548[农业科学—作物学]