情理之辨——论宋代家礼中的墓祭  

Balancing li and Human Feelings:A Study on Tomb Fete in Family Rituals of the Song Dynasty

作　　者：杨逸 Yang Yi

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2020年第2期15-26,共12页Chinese Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“宋代四礼研究”(18FZS013);国家社会科学基金项目“宋代家礼研究”(15BZS055);浙江文化研究工程(第二期)重点课题“元明清以来浙学的嬗变”(19WH40044ZD-1Z)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：墓祭风行于宋代,并展现祭祀时令多样化、墓上建筑多层次性的新特点。墓祭习俗的盛行与宋人对坟墓的认知有关,展现出宋代一般知识、思想与信仰的世界。对此,儒者态度十分严谨,多以经典文献为据,展开对墓祭起源的历史考证与鬼神魂魄之理的思辨。朱熹与张栻虽有重"情"与重"理"的差别,却都同意将墓祭融入理学系统,编入新时代家礼。从"以礼论俗"到"缘情制礼",宋儒将原本不合古礼的民间俚俗转化为有礼可依、合乎义理的新礼,对后代家礼民俗影响深远。另外,宋儒对具有佛教色彩的坟庵、坟寺作功能化解读,将其转化为儒家孝道的守护者。在这些诠释与转化的过程中,儒学展现出强大的阐释力与广博的包容性,为当代儒学的复兴树立了典范。Tomb fete was popular in the Song dynasty featured with varieties of ceremonial seasons and tomb scales, which was a representation of Song people’s world of general knowledge, thoughts and beliefs. Towards this, the Confucian scholars were serious and started historical inquiry mostly based on classics. As masters of neo-Confucianism, Zhu Xi朱熹 and Zhang Shi张栻 both agreed on incorporating tomb fete into neo-Confucianism and family rituals works of the time though they had different emphasis respectively on customs and Confucian li. Confucian scholars of the Song dynasty transformed customs considered as violation of li into new li in accordance with ancient one, therefore li previously as criterion of customs turned to be incorporation with customs. Besides, Song scholars interpreted graves and tomb temples as guardian of Confucian filial piety from a functional perspective. In the process of interpretation and transformation, Confucianism shows its explanatory power and inclusiveness, setting a model for contemporary revival of Confucianism.

关 键 词：宋代 墓祭 人情 家礼 朱熹 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学] K244[历史地理—历史学]