马尔库塞意识形态批判的精神分析意蕴  

The Psychoanalytic Implications of Marcuse’s Ideological Criticism

作　　者：左路平 吴学琴 ZUO Luping;WU Xueqin

机构地区：[1]安徽大学马克思主义学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2020年第4期56-64,156,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“当代中国价值观念对外话语体系的构建与传播研究”(14AZD041)阶段性成果;教育部社科司研究阐释党的十九大精神专项任务“如何理解人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾的哲学基础”(18JF013)。项目负责人:吴学琴。

摘　　要：马尔库塞受到弗洛伊德心理学的影响,将性欲放在了人类解放的关键位置,并以此为基础,提出了爱欲解放的理论。他对发达资本主义社会的意识形态批判具有重要意义,揭示了发达社会条件下,统治阶级是如何利用社会心理操纵来潜移默化地完成意识形态控制的,并且指出了科学技术的意识形态性及其心理效应,在此基础上,他为摆脱意识形态控制提供了明确路径,这些研究都为深入理解当代资本主义意识形态提供了思路和方向,为意识形态批判提供了新视野。但是,马尔库塞对意识形态进行的心理学视角的研究存在着诸多问题,其明显背离了唯物史观立场,而且在提出逃离意识形态控制的现实路径时也显得力不从心,无法为完成真正的社会革命提供思路和指导,他的思考和研究也大多停留于理论层面而无法实践。Under the influence of Freud’s psychology, Marcuse puts sexual desire in the key position of human liberation. On this basis, he puts forward the theory of the liberation of love desire. His ideological criticism of the developed capitalist society has important significance. It reveals how the ruling class, in developed capitalist societies, use social psychological manipulation to subtly control ideology, and points out the ideology of science and technology and their psychological effect. On this basis, he provides a clear path to get rid of ideological control. His research provides a train of thought and direction for understanding the contemporary capitalist ideology, and a new perspective for ideological criticism. However, Marcuse’s psychology perspective of ideology study has many problems. It apparently deviates from the historical materialism, can hardly find a path to escape from the reality of ideological control, and is unable to provide ideas and guidance for completing the real social revolution. His thinking and research mostly remain theoretical, rather than practical.

关 键 词：马尔库塞 意识形态批判 精神分析学说 爱欲解放论 

分 类 号：B712.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]