寒地黑土区春季施肥期对紫花苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响  

Effects of Fertilizing Time in Early Spring on Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)Production Performance and Nutritional Quality in Mollisol Area in Cold Region

作　　者：肖知新 王洋[1] 刘国富 巩皓 李丹丹 巩林 白珍建 崔国文[1] XIAO ZhiXin;WANG Yang;LIU GuoFu;GONG Hao;LI DanDan;GONG Lin;BAI ZhenJian;CUI GuoWen(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第13期2668-2677,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500607)。

摘　　要：【背景】在我国东北寒地黑土区退化草甸人工种植紫花苜蓿,是植被快速恢复和土壤修复的有效手段,而合理施肥是提高苜蓿产草量和品质的有效措施。为了减少施肥过程中机械对土壤和苜蓿植株的碾压破坏,一般宜在早春苜蓿返青前后一次性进行土壤施肥。东北寒地黑土区紫花苜蓿返青期为4月下旬至5月上旬,在农业生产中也常在此时期进行施肥。但是并无研究讨论早春不同时期施肥对紫花苜蓿是否存在影响。【目的】通过研究早春不同时期施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响,进而确定早春紫花苜蓿最佳施肥时期,为寒地黑土区种植紫花苜蓿修复退化草甸提供技术指导。【方法】试验以种植第二年苜蓿为试验材料,施肥种类为自主研制苜蓿专用肥(专利号:201810193040.0),其氮、磷、钾含量分别为14.2%、10.86%、10.47%,设置施肥量为525 kg·hm^-2,以施肥时间为处理,处理时间相隔5d,全年收割3茬,观测早春不同时期施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响。【结果】各个时期施肥均可显著促进各茬次苜蓿的生长,其中早期施肥有提高第一茬株高和全年平均株高趋势,晚期施肥有提高第二茬和第三茬株高趋势,但差异均不显著。各个时期施肥均可显著提高各茬次苜蓿干草产量。施肥可显著提高苜蓿各茬次及全年平均粗蛋白质含量;早期施肥提高第一茬苜蓿粗蛋白质含量,但不同施肥时期对全年平均粗蛋白含量影响不显著。与不施肥相比,不同时期施肥均可显著降低苜蓿各茬次NDF和ADF含量;早期施肥可以显著降低第一茬苜蓿NDF和ADF,较晚施肥较早春施肥对第二茬苜蓿NDF和ADF的降低更为明显;施肥时期对第三茬苜蓿NDF和ADF含量影响不显著。从全年考虑,4月20日(T1)的纤维素含量最低,与4月25日(T2)差异较小,与其他施肥处理组差异明显。【结论】经综合分析,在寒地黑【Background】Planting of alfalfa in degraded meadow in cold mollisol area of Northeast China is an effective method for rapid vegetation restoration.Reasonable fertilization is an effective measure to improve the yield and quality of alfalfa.In order to reduce the rolling damage of soil and alfalfa plants by machinery in the process of fertilizing.It is generally advisable to fertilize the soil at one time before and after alfalfa plants have returned to green in spring.The turning green period of alfalfa in the mollisol area of Northeast China is from late April to early May,and in this time,fertilizer is often applied.However,there has been few studies on the effect of fertilizer on alfalfa at different time of early spring.【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fertilizer application in different periods of early spring on the performance and nutritional quality of alfalfa,and to determine the best fertilizing period for alfalfa in early spring.In order to provide technical guidance for the restoration of degraded meadow by planting alfalfa in the mollisol area of cold region.【Method】Alfalfa in its second years after was used as the experimental material,and the type of fertilizer was self-developed special fertilizer for alfalfa(patent number:201810193040.0).And the contents of N,P,K is 14.20%,10.86%,10.47%.A period of fertilizer was set up every 5 days from April 20 to May 15,and the amount of fertilizer was fixed at 525 mm.The alfalfa was mowed three times every year.The effects of fertilizer on the production performance and nutritional quality of alfalfa in different periods of early spring were investigated.【Result】Fertilizer as all time could significantly promote the growth at all cuts,among which earlier fertilizer trend to increase the plant height of the first cut and the average plant height over the whole year,and the late fertilizer trended to increase the plant height of the second and third cut,but the difference was not significant.Early fertilizer

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 施肥时期 生产性能 营养品质 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]