氢原子波函数在动量表象中表示的方向问题--对一道典型量子力学习题求解的商榷  

On the direction of hydrogen atom wave function in momentum representation

作　　者：雷勇 LEI Yong(Department of University Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学物理与光电工程学院大学物理部,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《大学物理》2020年第8期18-20,共3页College Physics

摘　　要：本文探讨了周世勋先生所著《量子力学教程》中一道求氢原子电子动量概率分布的例题,对其求解中标定动量方向的做法提出了质疑.对求氢原子量子态的动量概率振幅而言,由于其依赖于动量方向的选取,因此标定动量方向的做法不具有普适性.氢原子s态具有球对称性,其动量概率振幅中的球谐函数与动量方向无关,只有此时动量方向的标定才对概率振幅的表示没有影响.对求电子动量的概率分布而言,由于需要对动量的角量进行积分,因此标定动量方向是不妥的.In this paper,an example of calculating the probability amplitude in momentum representation and the probability distribution of the electron momentum in hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics course by Mr.Zhou shixun is discussed.The method of calibration of momentum direction in the solution is questioned.For calculating probability amplitude of momentum,the method is not universal since the representation depends on the selection of momentum direction.Only for the s-states which have spherical symmetry and are independent of momentum direction since the spherical harmonic function in probability amplitude is independent of momentum direction,this method has no effect on the representation.Furthermore,for calculating the probability distribution of the electron momentum,the calculation requires integrating the angular quantity of momentum,it is not appropriate to calibrate the momentum direction before the calculation.

关 键 词：氢原子波函数 动量表象 动量方向 

分 类 号：O4-1[理学—物理]